Lab Report Instructions $($maximum of $5$ pages$)$

Your report must have the following sections, and answer the following questions:

On the first page $($max $0\mathrm{.}5$ page$),$ explain...

$$ Briefly explain how traceroute works.

$$ Which traceroute servers did you choose? State their URL and country.

$$ When and how often did you run traceroute?

$$ How are the data stored? I.e$.,$ explain the data file you submitted. Provide an example.

Using your traceroute data, answer the following questions.

$$ For each server, how many hops does a packet take on average to www$.$uow.edu.au$?$

$$ The IP addresses returned by traceroute correspond to routers interfaces. These

routers$/$interfaces belong to a network, e$.$g$.,$ Telstra. Note, there may be multiple

routers$/$interfaces corresponding to a network.

$($i$)$ Identify the set of interfaces that belong to the same network. Justify your answer.

$($ii$)$ Which networks are located in Australia? Conversely, which are located outside of

Australia? Justify your answer.

$($iii$)$ Construct a reverse path tree $($RPT$)$ showing the networks from each server to your ISP.

The following RPT $($see figure below$)$ consists of six networks $($N$?)$ and three servers $($S$?).$

Yours will contain many more networks, and perhaps more than three servers. Moreover,

the path from the servers may intersect. Use the IP$/$name of each network$/$server in your

figure. Explain and discuss your RPT$.$

$$ Did you notice any route changes? If so$,$ provide examples. Does the new route involve a

new network or router? Isthe new route longer orshorter? Explain. Give at least two reasons

that cause route changes.

AARNet

N$1$ N$2$ N$3$

N$4$ N$5$ N$6$

S S S

$$ Plot the average end$$to$$end delay and variance of each sample over six to eight weeks. Show

the average delay, minimum and maximum delay. Identify the links that have the highest

delays. Are these links within or outside of Australia?

Discuss at least two reasons that cause the end$$to$$end to fluctuate. Note, the delay returned

by traceroute is the round$$trip delay to each router on the path. You need to divide it by two.

You will need to present results for each server.

$$ Based on the above results, comment on whether the Internet is suitable for transporting

real$$time voice traffic.