Labor expense variances result from all of the following causes except: Changes in business volume. O Changes in wage rates. Changes in product costs. O Changes in efficiency. QUESTION 45 Which of the following approaches to budgeting for operations requires the justification of all expenses; assumes that each department starts with zero dollars and must justify all budgeted amounts? Flexible budgeting. Zero-based budgeting. O Incremental budgeting, Static budgeting. O None of the above. QUESTION 46 The major purpose of budgeting is to allow management to accomplish which of its functions? Planning. Execution. Control. O All of the above. Only a. and c. above. QUESTION 47 An alternative approach to a fixed budget is to budget for several different levels of activity. This is called a Flexible budget O Zero-Based budget. Static budget. O Variance budget None of the above