Last year the retailer's weekly variance of demand was 210 units. The variance of orders was 480, 610, 800, and 1,320 units, for the retailer, wholesaler, distributor, and manufacturer, respectively. (Note that the variance of orders equals the variance of demand for that firm's supplier.)

a) The bullwhip measure for the retailer is _____. (Enter your response rounded to two decimal places.)

b) The bullwhip measure for the wholesaler is _____. (Enter your response rounded to two decimal places.)

c) The bullwhip measure for the distributor is ____. (Enter your response rounded to two decimal places.)

d) The bullwhip measure for the manufacturer is ____. (Enter your response rounded to two decimal places.)

e) In this supply chain, the ______ appears to be contributing the most to the bullwhip effect.