Laurinburg Precision Engineering Oliver MacKinnon and Beacham McDougald founded Laurinburg Precision Engineering in 1997 to manufacture precision injection-molded parts for use in medical devices. After an uncertain start up period, the company won contracts from several different manufacturers. Using special machinery and expertise in injection molding of specialty plastics, the company prospered. In early 2004, the company was experiencing a cash crisis caused by rapid growth and the desire to extend capabilities through the acquisition of new molding machines. The partners had no additional capital to finance the expansions, and they were reluctant to sell equity to anyone else bank loan was considered, but financial projections indicated the loan could not be paid down for almost five years. Because of prevailing interest rates, local banks were unwilling to make a loan commitment of that duration Their local bank had introduced MacKinnon and McDougald to a small investment banking firm in Charlotte, North Carolina. After a consultation with MacKinnon and McDougald, Sheila Cox, a partner in the investment banking firm, suggested a $1 million bond issue with a term of The bond issue would be secured by the new machinery and placed with private investors. Cox told MacKinnon and McDougald that she expected the bonds would have to be sold to yield almost 10% interest. She proposed setting the interest rate on the bonds at 10%, with semiannual interest payments and the principal due at the end of the fifth year, and she prepared a schedule of the interest and principal repayments that would be due if the bonds were sold to yield 10% interest exactly (see Exhibit 1) rs. Although the proposal seemed to be a reasonable solution to the problem facing MacKinnon and cDougald, both were worried about the semiannual interest payments in the early years. Th expected operating cash flows would remain tight as Laurinburg Precision Engineering continued to grow. When they expressed this concern to Cox by telephone, she suggested a second alternative. Laurinburg Precision Engineering could issue zero-coupon bonds at the same interest rate and terms On these bonds no interest payments would be made during the five years the bonds would be outstanding, and all interest and principal would be due on January 15, 2009, when the bonds matured. The principal amount of the zero coupon bonds would be greater than that of the 10% bonds, but Laurinburg would have five years to prepare to pay interest and principal from either operations or additional financing estions Using the present-value tables in Exhibits 2 and 3, estimate the number of zero- coupon bonds (each with a face value of $1,000) that will have to be offered to provide the $1 million Laurinburg Precision Engineering needs for expansion, if investors seek a yield of 10%. Assume interest will compound on a semiannual basis over the life of the five-year-bond issue. Prepare a schedule similar to Exhibit 1 that shows the interest expense and end-of-period bond liability for each semiannual compounding period. Why is the interest expense for the zero- coupon bonds different from the interest expense on the five-year bonds summarized in Exhibit 1? 1. 2. Assume that MacKinnon and McDougald decide to issue bonds to finance the expansion of Laurinburg Precision Engineering. The terms of the $1,000 bonds to be due January 15, 2009, specify an interest rate of 10% with semiannual compounding or interest payments. However, Sheila Cox is able to find a group of investors who will accept a yield of 8% interest. How much will the investors be willing to pay for the 10% bonds? Prepare a schedule like Exhibit 1 showing principal, interest payments, interest expense, and amortization of bond premium for these bonds. Why does the bond premium amortize to zero? Exhibit 1 Schedule of Interest Payments, Interest Expense, and Bond Liability for a 10%, Five-year Bond with Semiannual Interest Payments Issued to Yield 10% interest Interest Payment Interest Principal to be Paid Date Carrying Value 1/15/2004 7/15/2004 1/15/2005 7/15/2005 1/15/2006 7/15/2006 1/15/2007 7/15/2007 1/15/2008 7/15/2008 1/15/2009 $50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 $50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 $1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1.000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 $1,000,000 Exhibit 2 Present Value of $1 Period 10% 9091 9709 961595249434 9346 9259 94269246 90708900 8734 85738264 8890 8638 8396 8163 .8885 8548 8227 7921 762973506830 8626821978357473 7130 68066209 83757903 7462 7006663 6302 8131 7509 71076651 6227 .7894 730767686274 582054034665 7664 7026 6446 5919 5439 5002 4241 7441 6756 6130 55845083 5645 58355132 10 4632 3855 Exhibit 3 Present Value of Ordinary Annuity of $1 Perlod 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 10% 9709 961595249434 934692599091 1.9135 1.8861 1.8594 1,8334 1.8080 1.7833 1.7355 2.8286 2.751 2.7232 2.6730 2.6243 2.57712.4869 3.7171 3.6209 3.5460 3.4651 3.3872 3.31213-1699 45797 4.4518 4.3295 42124 4.1002 3.99273.7908 5.41725.2421 $.0757 4.9173 4.7665 4.62294.3553 6.2303 6.00215.7864 5.5824 5.3893 5.20644.8684 7.0197 6.7327 6.4632 6.2098 5.97135.74665.3349 7.78617.4353 7.1078 6.80176.5152 6.2489 5.7590 8.5302 8.1109 7,72177.3601 7.0236 6.71016.1446 10