Lead Time iSounds Inc. manufactures electronic stereo equipment. The manufacturing process includes printed circuit $(\backslash ($ P C$)\backslash )$ board assembly, final assembly, testing, and shipping. In the PC board assembly operation, a number of individuals are responsible for assembling electronic components into printed circuit boards. Each operator is responsible for soldering components according to a given set of instructions. Operators work on batches of $50$ printed circuit boards. Each board requires $4$ minutes of board assembly time. After each batch is completed, the operator moves the assembled boards to the final assembly area. This move takes $10$ minutes to complete. The final assembly for each stereo unit requires $18$ minutes and is also done in batches of $50$ units. A batch of $50$ stereos is moved into the test building, which is across the street. The move takes $20$ minutes. Before conducting the test, the test equipment must be set up for the particular stereo model. The test setup requires $30$ minutes. The units wait while the setup is performed. In the final test, the $50$unit batch is tested one at a time. Each test requires $6$ minutes. The completed batch, after all testing, is sent to shipping for packaging and final shipment to customers. A complete batch of $50$ units is sent from testing to shipping. The Shipping Department is located next to testing. Thus, there is no move time between these two operations. Packaging and labeling requires $12$ minutes per unit. Required: $1.$ Determine the amount of value$-$added and non$-$value$-$added lead time and the value$-$added ratio in this process for an average stereo unit in a batch of $50$ units. Categorize the non$-$value$-$added time into wait and move time. Round the percentage to one decimal place. $2.$ Move time in this process could best be reduced by: a$.$ Doing nothing. b$.$ Changing the layout from a process orientation to a product orientation. c$.$ Increasing batch sizes. d$.$ Eliminating the testing step. e$.$ Hiring more workers.