Learning psychologist Edward Tolman wanted to determine if mice learned a maze through trial and error or if the developed a "cognitive map" of the maze.Tolman placed a rat in the center of a circular space with 4 alternative corridors.If the rats were truly "guessing" a path, they should try each corridor an equal number of times.However, if the rats were developing a cognitive map, they should go down the far-right corridor more frequently than the others and go directly to the cheese.

Original Right

Observed 20 12

Expected 16 16

What is the null hypothesis?

What is the alternative hypothesis?

Perform the Chi-Square analysis manually or using Excel or r. What is the x2?

What is the significance level?

Why is a Chi-Square called goodness of fit rather than a hypothesis test?

What did Tolman find? What can you conclude from this data?