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Liquid extraction is an operation used to separate the components of a liquid mixture of two or more species. In the simplest case, a mixture

Liquid extraction is an operation used to separate the components of a liquid mixture of two or more
species. In the simplest case, a mixture contains two components: a solute (A) and a liquid solvent (B).
The mixture is contacted in an agitated vessel with a second liquid solvent (C) that has two key
properties: A dissolves in it, and B is immiscible or nearly immiscible with it. Some of the A transfers
from B to C, and then the B-rich phase (called the raffinate) and the C-rich phase (called the extract)
separate from each other in a settling tank. The extraction can be improved by adding more mixing with
fresh C? settling steps.
Shown below is a flowchart of a process in which acetic acid (A) is extracted from a mixture of acetic
acid and water (B) using 1-hexanol (C).
(a) What is the maximum number of independent material balances that can be written for the
overall process? Write down one possible set of balances.
(b) Prepare a stream table with the information provided in the flowchart.
(c) Calculate the mass flow rates of C in stream 1, the mass flow rate of stream 4, and the mass
flow rate of stream 5.
(d) Calculate the difference between the amount of acetic acid in the feed mixture and that in
stream 5. Show that it equals the amount of acetic acid leaving in stream 4.
(e) Calculate the % recovery of acetic acid of this process.
(f) Acetic acid is relatively easily to separate from 1-hexanol. Draw a flowchart that might be
used to recover nearly pure acetic acid from the initial acetic acid-water mixture.
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