Logical Operators $($SHOW YOUR WORK!!!$)$

If$,$ prior to executing the statement in each problem below, the variables have the value:

a $=$ True ; b $=$ False ; c $=$ True ; d $=$ True ; e $=$ False

What is the value of x after executing the Python statements? If short circuiting occurs, clearly show where.

$12.$ x $=$ a and c and b and d and e

$13.$ x $=$ a and b or c or d and e

$14.$ x $=$ a and c and d

$15.$ x $=$ b or d or e