Lower-of-Cost-or-Market Inventory

On the basis of the following data, determine the value of the inventory at the lower of cost or market. Assemble the data in the form illustrated in Exhibit 9.

Inventory Item	Inventory Quantity	Cost per Unit	Market Value per Unit (Net Realizable Value)
Birch	10	$170	$163
Cypress	13	114	127
Mountain Ash	33	204	223
Spruce	47	86	70
Willow	9	146	157

Inventory at the Lower of Cost or Market
Inventory Item	Total Cost	Total Market	Total Lower of C or M
Birch	$	$	$
Cypress
Mountain Ash
Spruce
Willow
Total	$	$	$

2.)

Beginning inventory, purchases, and sales data for portable DVD players are as follows:

Apr. 1		Inventory	79 units @ $46
10		Sale	51 units
15		Purchase	33 units @ $49
20		Sale	32 units
24		Sale	19 units
30		Purchase	26 units @ $51

The business maintains a perpetual inventory system, costing by the first-in, first-out method.

Determine the cost of the merchandise sold for each sale and the inventory balance after each sale, presenting the data in the form illustrated in Exhibit 3.

a. Under FIFO, if units are in inventory at two different costs, enter the units with the LOWER unit cost first in the Cost of Merchandise Sold Unit Cost column and in the Inventory Unit Cost column.

Cost of the Merchandise Sold Schedule
First-in, First-out Method
Portable DVD Players
Date	Quantity Purchased	Purchases Unit Cost	Purchases Total Cost	Quantity Cost of Merchandise Sold	Cost of Merchandise Sold Unit Cost	Cost of Merchandise Sold Total Cost	Inventory Quantity	Inventory Unit Cost	Inventory Total Cost
Apr. 1								$	$
Apr. 10					$	$
Apr. 15		$	$
Apr. 20
Apr. 24
Apr. 30
Apr. 30	Balances					$			$

b. Based upon the preceding data, would you expect the inventory to be higher or lower using the last-in, first-out method?

3.)

1. Perpetual Inventory Using LIFO

   Beginning inventory, purchases, and sales data for portable game players are as follows:

   Apr. 1		Inventory	66 units @ $63
   10		Sale	54 units
   15		Purchase	88 units @ $67
   20		Sale	49 units
   24		Sale	12 units
   30		Purchase	26 units @ $70

   The business maintains a perpetual inventory system, costing by the last-in, first-out method.

   Determine the cost of merchandise sold for each sale and the inventory balance after each sale, presenting the data in the form illustrated in Exhibit 4.

   Under LIFO, if units are in inventory at two different costs, enter the units with the HIGHER unit cost first in the Cost of Merchandise Sold Unit Cost column and LOWER unit cost first in the Inventory Unit Cost column.

   Schedule of Cost of Merchandise Sold
   LIFO Method
   Portable Game Players
   Date	Quantity Purchased	Purchases Unit Cost	Purchases Total Cost	Quantity Sold	Cost of Merchandise Sold Unit Cost	Cost of Merchandise Sold Total Cost	Inventory Quantity	Inventory Unit Cost	Inventory Total Cost
   Apr. 1								$	$
   Apr. 10					$	$
   Apr. 15		$	$
   Apr. 20
   Apr. 24
   Apr. 30
   Apr. 30	Balance					$			$

4.)

Weighted Average Cost Flow Method Under Perpetual Inventory System

The following units of a particular item were available for sale during the calendar year:

Jan. 1	Inventory	30,000	units at $30.00
Mar. 18	Sale	24,000	units
May 2	Purchase	54,000	units at $31.00
Aug. 9	Sale	45,000	units
Oct. 20	Purchase	21,000	units at $32.10

The firm uses the weighted average cost method with a perpetual inventory system. Determine the cost of merchandise sold for each sale and the inventory balance after each sale. Present the data in the form illustrated in Exhibit 5. Round unit cost to two decimal places, if necessary.

Schedule of Cost of Merchandise Sold Weighted Average Cost Flow Method
	Purchases			Cost of Merchandise Sold			Inventory
Date	Quantity	Unit Cost	Total Cost	Quantity	Unit Cost	Total Cost	Quantity	Unit Cost	Total Cost
Jan. 1								$	$
Mar. 18					$	$
May 2		$	$
Aug. 9
Oct. 20
Dec. 31	Balances					$		$	$

5.)

Periodic Inventory by Three Methods; Cost of Merchandise Sold

The units of an item available for sale during the year were as follows:

Jan. 1	Inventory	30 units @ $128
Mar. 10	Purchase	70 units @ $138
Aug. 30	Purchase	30 units @ $146
Dec. 12	Purchase	70 units @ $148

There are 80 units of the item in the physical inventory at December 31. The periodic inventory system is used.

Determine the inventory cost and the cost of merchandise sold by three methods. Round interim calculations to one decimal and final answers to the nearest whole dollar.

Cost of Merchandise Inventory and Cost of Merchandise Sold
Inventory Method	Merchandise Inventory	Merchandise Sold
First-in, first-out (FIFO)	$	$
Last-in, first-out (LIFO)
Weighted average cost

6.)

Effect of Errors in Physical Inventory

Fonda Motorcycle Shop sells motorcycles, ATVs, and other related supplies and accessories. During the taking of its physical inventory on December 31, 20Y8, Fonda Motorcycle Shop incorrectly counted its inventory as $250,140 instead of the correct amount of $240,130.

Enter all amounts as positive numbers.

a. State the effect of the error on the December 31, 20Y8, balance sheet of Fonda Motorcycle Shop.

Balance Sheet Items	Overstated/Understated	Amount
Merchandise Inventory		$
Current Assets
Total Assets
Owner's Equity

b. State the effect of the error on the income statement of Fonda Motorcycle Shop for the year ended December 31, 20Y8.

Income Statement Items	Overstated/Understated	Amount
Cost of Merchandise Sold		$
Gross Profit
Net Income

c. If uncorrected, what would be the effect of the error on the 20Y9 income statement?

Income Statement Items	Understated/Overstated	Amount
Cost of Merchandise Sold		$
Gross Profit
Net Income

d. If uncorrected, what would be the effect of the error on the December 31, 20Y9, balance sheet?

1. The December 31, 20Y9, balance sheet would be correct, since the 20Y8 inventory error reverses itself in 20Y9.
2. The December 31, 20Y9, balance sheet would be incorrect, since the 20Y8 inventory error understates the inventory in 20Y9.
3. The December 31, 20Y9, balance sheet would be incorrect, since the 20Y8 inventory error overstates the inventory in 20Y9.