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ls 1. $ ls 2. $ ls lrt or $ ls -ltr 1. It lists files in the current directory. 2. It lists files in

ls

1. $ ls 2. $ ls lrt or $ ls -ltr

1. It lists files in the current directory. 2. It lists files in the long format.

cd

1. $ cd 2. $ cd test 3. $ cd .. (after cd space needs to be given before entering two dots.)

1. It changes directory to your home directory. 2. It changes directory to test. 3. It moves back to one directory or to the parent directory of your current directory.

mkdir

$ mkdir test

It creates a directory called test.

rmdir

$ rmdir test1 CAUTION: Be careful while using this command.

It removes directory test1.

cp

1. $ cp file1 test 2. $ cp file1 file1.bak

1. It copies file1 to test directory. 2. It takes backup of file1.

rm

$ rm file1 CAUTION: Be careful while using this command.

It removes or deletes a file1.

mv

$ mv file1 file2

It moves or renames file1 to file2.

more

$ more

It checks or display one page at a time.

touch

$ touch test

It creates an empty file called test.

cat

1. $ cat File1 2. $ cat test1 > test2

1. It displays contents of File1. 2. It creates a new file test2 with the contents of test1.

date

$ date e.g. Output: Tuesday, September 12, 2017 06:58:06 AM MDT

It displays current date and time.

diff

$ diff file1 file2

It displays line by line difference between file1 and file2.

who

$ who

It lists the users those who are logged in on the machine.

grep

1.$ grep Hello file1 2.$ grep c Hello file1

1. It searches for the lines containing Hello in file1. 2. It gives count or number of lines that contains Hello in file1.

man

$ man ls

It displays online manual or help about ls command.

pwd

$ pwd

It displays present working directory.

ps

$ ps

It displays the list of processes which are currently running on the machine.

wc

$ wc file1

It counts the number of lines, words and characters in file1.

chmod

$ chmod 744 file1

It changes the permissions of file1 & assigns this permission rwxr--r--

gzip

$ gzip file1

It compresses the file1. After compression file1 should look like this, file1.gz

gunzip

$ gunzip file1.gz

It uncompresses the file1.gz. After uncompression file1.gz should look like this, file1

history

$ history

It lists all the commands which are recently used.

logname

$ logname

It prints log name of the user.

uname

$ uname

It gives information about unix system which you are using.

tty

$ tty

It displays the device name of your terminal.

sort

$ sort file1

This will sort the contents of file1 and displays sorted output on the screen.

head

$ head -15 file1

It displays first 15 lines of the file.

tail

$ tail -15 file1

It displays last 15 lines of the file.

df

$ df

This command is used to check the free disk space

cmp

$cmp file1 file2

it compares two files byte by byte and displays the very first mismatch

Run all above command on Linux terminal and create word document along with commands and its output screenshot

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