Turning is performed on a work material with shear strength of 250 MPa. The following conditions are used: v = 4.0 m/s, f 0.25 mm/rev, d = 3.0 mm, and rake angle 9 in the direction of chip flow. The resulting chip ratio = 0.5. Using the orthogonal model as an approximation of turning, determine: (a) the shear plane angle; (b) the shear force; (c) cutting force and feed force; (d) shear stress; (e) friction angle; (f) friction coefficient; (g) Discuss the effect of increasing shear angle on shear force and shear stress. Chip Tool N. R' Work