Manager Dennis has always found Elaine to be a good employee. Recently, one of Elaine$$s projects was delivered late and was significantly over budget. Dennis referred frequently to this project when appraising Elaine for the year. This situation exemplifies which of these reasons why performance appraisals can fail?

inconsistent ratings among supervisors or other raters

overemphasis on uncharacteristic performance

manager rating employee$$s personality rather than performance

inadequate preparation on the part of the manager