Managerial accounting However, the industrial revolution in the 18th century brought large sized process industries performing single activities (e.g. textiles, railways etc.). During this period, there was a lack of market for intermediary products because of which cost information gained importance as a tool for measuring efficiency of different processes. But the concept of prime cost was used around 1875 by some Industrialists. The period, 1880 AD -1925 AD saw the development of complex product designs and the emergence of multi activity diversified corporations like Du Pont, General Motors etc. It was during this period that scientific management was developed which led accountants to convert physical standards into cost standard, the latter being used for variance analysis and control. In 1913 J.L. Nicholson published a book "Cost Accounting Theory and Practice" from New York.

1 What is favism?

2 What is the haemoglobin content of reticulocytes and how can this be measured or determined?

3 We are told that an erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) above 100 mm/h has a limited differential diagnosis, mainly vasculitis, malignancy and granulomatous diseases. Could you explain whether that applies to an ESR after one hour or two?

4 What causes a raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)?

5 What are the causes of very raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)? I mean an ESR 100 mm/h. Is this test diagnostic in any disease besides polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis?

6 1. Does the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) rise with age? 2. Can an ESR of 50 mm/h in an 80-year-old female with no evidence of systemic disease be considered normal?

7 1. What is a 'normal' erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)? Is the equation of a normal ESR age 10, correct? 2. Would a normal ESR exclude a vasculitic cause in the case of stroke?

8 In which conditions is C-reactive protein (CRP) more informative than the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)?

9 What is the management of an isolated high ferritin (without any signs, symptoms or changes in the other blood investigations)?

10 Is the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) useful? What is the RDW and when is it used?