Managerial accounting The limitations of financial accounting have made the management to realise the importance of cost accounting. Whatever may be the type of business, it involves expenditure on labour, materials and other items required for manufacturing and disposing of the product. The management has to avoid the possibility of waste at each stage. It has to ensure that no machine remains idle, efficient labour gets due incentive, byproducts are properly utilised and costs are properly ascertained. Besides the management, the creditors and employees are also benefited in numerous ways by installation of a good costing system. Cost accounting increases the overall productivity of an organisation and serves as an important tool, in bringing prosperity to the nation.

31 What investigations are necessary to exclude secondary polycythaemia?

32 What is the management plan in a patient with secondary polycythaemia presenting with transient ischaemic attacks (TIA)?

33 Why do patients with polycythaemia vera have a tendency to bleed, even though 50% of them have an elevated platelet count?

34 In hyposplenic patients, what precautions are necessary for patients who intend to travel to Saudi Arabia for the Haj?

35 What is the mechanism of development of splenomegaly in chronic leukaemia?

36 In idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), thrombocytes are mainly destroyed in the spleen owing to an immune mechanism. Why, therefore, is there no splenic enlargement as there is with other diseases?

37 Where exactly is the Traub's space? How exact is the percussion of the Traub's space as a sign indicating the size of the spleen?

38 Can you please tell me the indications and complications of blood transfusion.

39 Several times I have read the phrase 'white blood cells elevated with a left shift'. I am wondering what 'left shift' or 'left deviation' stands for.

40 What is the clear definition of 'bleeding time' and 'clotting time'? And what are the applied differences between them?