Market manipulation also known as price/ stock manipulation is a type of market abuse where there is a deliberate attempt to interfere with the free and fair operation of the market; the most blatant of cases involves creating false or misleading appearances with respect to the price of, or market for, a product, security or commodity Types of manipulative conduct may be categorized according to various methods or schemes the perpetrators can use. Required: Discuss any 5 methods used for market manipulation. Use case examples [25 marks] 2. When it comes to fraud in the Public sector, issues such as Bribery, Corruption, and misuse of authority during public procurement often come to mind. Assess this type of fraud in relation to Botswana Public Sector, or in Botswana Government owned Organisations Address the following issues: - Use elements of the fraud pentagon to identify likely perpetrators, motivation, rationalisation, opportunities and attitudes of perpetrators - Why these fraud types even though significant, but are often difficult to quantify and measure - Suggest ways to prevent and detect 3. (a) You have been hired as a Fraud examiner by Polaris Co to investigate on Financial statement fraud in their organisation. Conduct a root cause analysis by showing clearly multiple causes and solutions [25] (b) Financial analysis techniques can help investigators discover and examine unexpected relationships in financial information. Unexpected deviations in relationships most likely indicate errors, but also might indicate illegal acts or fraud. Therefore, deviations in expected relationships warrant further investigation to determine the exact cause. An investigator may use: comparative techniques, financial relationships, analytical procedures- vertical, horizonal, ratio analysi [50