Mastery Problem: Evaluating Decentralized Operations BOR CPAs, Inc. BOR CPAs, Inc. is a closely held corporation owned by three stockholders who used the initials of their last names to form the corporation's name: Cyrus Bailey, John Ogden, and Samuel Rogers. The firm's Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) perform audits of both public companies and privately owned companies. BOR's CPAs also provide tax services to both individuals and businesses. The corporation is divided into two profit centers: the Audit Division and the Tax Division. Each division is composed of two cost centers. The Audit Division is composed of two cost-center departments: Public Company Audits and Private Company Audits. The Tax Division is composed of two cost-center departments also: Individual Tax and Business Tax. BOR, a decentralized organization, is interested in evaluating the performance of the two divisions. The stockholders are responsible for deciding on investment in the two divisions. Cyrus Bailey is in charge of the performance evaluation, and turns to you for assistance. Mr. Bailey is only interested in evaluating operations at the profit center (division) level, and not at the cost center (department) level. Mr. Bailey is considering temporarily using some of the staff from the Tax Division to assist the Audit Division during the upcoming busy audit season, and would like to evaluate the effect of this on net income. The Tax Division is estimated to have 800 hours of excess capacity The unit for determining sales revenue in both divisions is the "engagement", which means the total agreed-upon work for a given client in either audit or tax for a given year. The company charges on average a fee of $75,000 per audit engagement, and $15,750 per tax engagement. The company has its own Payroll Office, which provides payroll services to both divisions and will allocate its total expenses to the two divisions as support department allocations. The following chart shows some basic data for the company: The following chart shows some basic data for the company: Hourly market rate for staff (the price the company would have to pay from an outside contractor for staff services) $100 $60 Average hourly cost rate for staff (the average price the company pays to its staff) Number of paychecks issued by Audit Division Number of paychecks issued by Tax Division 110 340 $29,250 $10,000,000 Total expense for Payroll Office Amount of assets invested in Audit Division by BOR CPAs, Inc. Amount of assets invested in Tax Division by BOR CPAs, Inc. $4,000,000 Payroll Mr. Bailey would like you to start by analyzing the Payroll Office expenses, and allocating the total expenses to each division. He has decided to use the number of payroll checks as the activity base for the allocation. Fill in the following blanks, allocating the total expense for the Payroll Office to each of the two divisions. Payroll Charge Rate $ X per payroll check Division Support Department Allocations $ 7,150 Audit Division Tax Division $ 22,100 No Transfer Mr. Bailey has prepared the following divisional income statement for you to review, assuming no transfer of excess capacity hours occurs. He has also included the total amounts for BOR CPAs, Inc. in the rightmost column. Complete the following Divisional Income Statements with your data from the Payroll. BOR CPAs, Inc. Divisional Income Statements For the Year Ended December 31, 2048 Audit Division Tax Division Total Company $900,000 $900,000 Fees earned: Audit fees (12 engagements) Tax fees (45 engagements) Transfer pricing fees $ 708,750 708,750 Expenses: Variable: (216,000) Audit hours provided by Audit Division Tax hours provided by Tax Division Excess capacity hours paid to salaried staff (283,500) (216,000) (283,500) (48,000) (48,000) Audit hours provided by Tax Division Fixed expenses (50,000) (65,500) (115,500) Operating income before support department allocations $634,000 $311,750 $945,750 Operating income before support department allocations $634,000 7,150 $311,750 22,100 $945,750 29,250 Support department allocations for payroll Operating income Feedback Check My Work Include your answers from the Payroll on the appropriate line of the Divisional Income Statements. Market Transfer Price Mr. Bailey asks that you prepare Divisional Income Statements showing what 20Y8 results would have been had the Audit Division purchased all the excess capacity of the Tax Division, using a market transfer price. The divisional managers tell you that, with the excess capacity of the Tax Division of 800 hours, the Audit Division can perform 4 more audits during the year, and the Tax Division would charge the Audit Division the market rate of $100 per hour for the additional hours required, selling all its excess capacity to the Audit Division. The Tax Division would still be responsible for paying the salaries of their employees. Complete the following Divisional Income Statements. If there is no amount or an amount is zero, enter "0". BOR CPAs, Inc. Divisional Income Statements For the Year Ended December 31, 20Y8 Audit Division Tax Division Total Company Fees earned: Audit fees (16 engagements) $1,200,000 $1,200,000 Divisional Income Statements For the Year Ended December 31, 2048 Audit Division Tax Division Tax Division Tota Total Company Fees earned: Audit fees (16 engagements) $1,200,000 $1,200,000 708,750 Tax fees (45 engagements) $708,750 Transfer-pricing fees Expenses: Variable: Audit hours provided by Audit Division (216,000) (216,000) (283,500) Tax hours provided by Tax Division (283,500) Excess capacity hours paid to salaried staff Audit hours provided by Tax Division Fixed expenses (50,000) (65,500) (115,500) Operating income before support department allocations Support department allocations for payroll Operating income Feedback BOR CPAs, Inc. Divisional Income Statements For the Year Ended December 31, 2048 Audit Division Tax Division Total Company Fees earned: $1,200,000 Audit fees (16 engagements) Tax fees (45 engagements) $1,200,000 708,750 $708,750 Transfer-pricing fees Expenses: Variable: Audit hours provided by Audit Division (216,000) (216,000) (283,500) Tax hours provided by Tax Division (283,500) Excess capacity hours paid to salaried staff Audit hours provided by Tax Division Fixed expenses (50,000) (65,500) (115,500) Operating income before support department allocations $ Support department allocations for payroll Operating income BOR CPAs, Inc. Divisional Income Statements For the Year Ended December 31, 2048 Audit Division Tax Division Total Company Fees earned: $1,200,000 Audit fees (16 engagements) Tax fees (45 engagements) $1,200,000 708,750 $708,750 Transfer-pricing fees Expenses: Variable: Audit hours provided by Audit Division (216,000) (216,000) (283,500) Tax hours provided by Tax Division (283,500) Excess capacity hours paid to salaried staff Audit hours provided by Tax Division Fixed expenses (50,000) (65,500) (115,500) Operating income before support department allocations $ Support department allocations for payroll Operating income Feedback Audit Division Profit Margin Investment Turnover ROI No Transfer 69.65% 0.0900 6.27% Market Price 70.57% 0.1200 8.47% Negotiated Price 71.24% 0.1200 8.55% Cost Price 73.24% 0.1200 8.79% Tax Division X Investment Turnover ROI Profit Margin 40.87% No Transfer 0.1772 7.24% Market Price 46.87% 0.1972 9.24% Negotiated Price 46.32% 0.1952 9.04% Cost Price 44.62% 0.1892 8.44% BOR CPAs, Inc. X Investment Turnover Profit Margin = ROI No Transfer 56.97% 0.1149 6.55% Market Price 61.17% 0.1421 8.69% Negotiated Price 61.42% 0.1415 8.69%