Mehl and colleagues (2010), asks the following research question, "Do happy or unhappy people differ in the amount of small talk and substantive conversations they have?" Essentially, they are concerned with establishing whether the types of conversations people have cause happiness.

1. Based on the above research question guiding this study, what kind of study is this? HINT: exploratory, explanatory, descriptive, or evaluation
2. What types of research methods are used in this study? HINT: experimental approach, survey, observation, interviewing, secondary data analysis, content analysis, or crime mapping.
3. How did Mehl and colleagues define or conceptualize "small talk"?
4. How did Mehl and colleagues define or conceptualize "substantive conversations"?
5. List the statement that study participants were required to answer to measure the concept of "happiness". HINT: participants had to respond to the statement by indicating the extent to which they agreed with the statement.