Mercer Asbestos Removal Company removes potentially toxic asbestos insulation and related products from buildings. There has been a long-simmering dispute between the company's estimator and the work supervisors. The on-site supervisors claim that the estimators do not adequately distinguish between routine work, such as removal of asbestos insulation around heating pipes in older homes, and nonroutine work, such as removing asbestos-contaminated ceiling plaster in industrial buildings. The on-site supervisors believe that nonroutine work is far more expensive than routine work and should bear higher customer charges. The estimator sums up his position in this way. "My job is to measure the area to be cleared of asbestos. As directed by top management, I simply multiply the square footage by $3.20 to determine the bid price. Since our average cost is only $2.745 per square foot, that leaves enough cushion to take care of the additional costs of nonroutine work that shows up. Besides, it is difficult to know what is routine or not routine until you actually start tearing things apart." To shed light on this controversy, the company initiated an activity-based costing study of all of its costs. Data from the activity-based costing system follow. Activity Cost Pool Removing asbestos Estimating and job setup Working on nonroutine jobs Other (organization-sustaining costs and idle capacity costs) Activity Measure Thousands of square feet Number of jobs Number of nonroutine jobs None Total Activity 800 thousand square feet 100 nonroutine jobs 500 jobs Note: The 100 nonroutine jobs are included in the total of 500 jobs. Both nonroutine jobs and routine jobs require estimating and setup. Costs for the Year Disposal fees Wages and salaries Equipment depreciation On-site supplies office expenses Licensing and insurance Total cost $470,000 801,000 110,000 68,000 370,000 570,000 $ 2,389,000 Distribution of Resource Consumption Across Activities Removing Asbestos Estimating and Job Setup Working on Nonroutine Jobs Other Wages and salaries Total 60% 10% 20% 10% 100% Disposal fees 60% ex 40% 0x 100% Equipment depreciation sex 10% 15% 25% 100% On-site supplies 60% 25% 15% office expenses 100% 10% 40% 15% 35% 100% Licensing and insurance 30% % 50x 20% 100%