Mercer Asbestos Removal Company removes potentially toxic asbestos insulation and related products from buildings. There has been a long-simmering dispute between the company's estimator and the work supervisors. The on-site supervisors claim that the estimators do not adequately distinguish between routine work, such as removal of asbestos insulation around heating pipes in older homes, and nonroutine work, such as removing asbestos-contaminated ceiling plaster in industrial buildings. The on-site supervisors believe that nonroutine work is far more expensive than routine work and should bear higher customer charges. The estimator sums up his position in this way: "My job is to measure the area to be cleared of asbestos. As directed by top management, I simply multiply the square footage by $3.20 to determine the bid price. Since our average cost is only $2.805 per square foot, that leaves enough cushion to take care of the additional costs of nonroutine work that shows up. Besides, it is difficult to know what is routine or not routine until you actually start tearing things apart." To shed light on this controversy, the company initiated an activity-based costing study of all of its costs. Data from the activity-based costing system follow: Activity Cost Pool Activity Measure Thousands of square feet Number of jobs Number of nonroutine jobs Removing asbestos Estimating and job setup Working on nonroutine jobs Other (organization-sustaining costs and idle capacity costs) None Total Activity 850 thousand square feet 400 jobs 100 nonroutine jobs Note: The 100 nonroutine jobs are included in the total of 400 jobs. Both nonroutine jobs and routine jobs. require estinating and setup. Costs for the Year Wages and salaries Disposal fees Equipment depreciation On-site supplies Office expenses Licensing and insurance Total cost 440,000 824.000 108,000 64,000 340,000 540,000 2,316,000 Distribution of Resource Consumption Across Activities Estimating Working on Removing and Job Nonroutine Asbestos Setup Jobs Other Total Wages and salaries 50% 10% 30% 10% 100% Disposal fees 70% 0% 30% 0% 100% Equipment depreciation 40% 5% 20% 35% 100% On-site supplies 60% 30% 10% 0% 100% Office expenses 15% 35% 20% 30% 100% Licensing and insurance 30% 0% 60% 10% 100%