Mercer Asbestos Removal Company removes potentially toxic asbestos insulation and related products from buildings. There has been a long-simmering dispute between the company's estimator and the work supervisors. The on-site supervisors claim that the estimators do not adequately distinguish between routine work, such as removal of asbestos insulation around heating pipes in older homes, and nonroutine work, such as removing asbestos-contaminated ceiling plaster in industrial buildings. The on-site supervisors believe that nonroutine work is far more expensive than routine work and should bear higher customer charges. The estimator sums up his position in this way: "My job is to measure the area to be cleared of asbestos. As directed by top management, I simply multiply the square footage by $2.50 to determine the bid price. Since our average cost is only $2.435 per square foot, that leaves enough cushion to take care of the additional costs of nonroutine work that shows up. Besides, it is difficult to know what is routine or not routine until you actually start tearing things apart." To shed light on this controversy, the company initiated an activity-based costing study of all of its costs. Data from the activity-based costing system follow: Activity Cost Pool Removing asbestos Estimating and job setup Working on non routine jobs Activity Measure Thousands of square feet Number of jobs Number of nonroutine jobs Total Activity 1,000 thousand square feet 500 jobs 100 nonroutine jobs Other (organization-sustaining costs and None idle capacity costs) Note: The 100 nonroutine jobs are included in the total of 500 jobs. Both nonroutine jobs and routine jobs require estimating and setup. Costs for the Year Wages and salaries Disposal fees Equipment depreciation On-site supplies Office expenses Licensing and insurance Total cost $ 406,000 793,000 96,000 58,000 280,000 502,000 $ 2,135,000 Distribution of Resource Consumption Across Activities Estimating Working on Removing and Job Non routine Asbestos Setup Jobs Other Total Wages and salaries 60% 10% 20% 10% 100% Disposal fees 60% 0% 40% 08 100% Equipment depreciation 40% 5% 20% 35% 100% On-site supplies 70% 20% 10% 08 100% Office expenses 10% 35% 25% 30% 100% Licensing and insurance 30% 0% 50% 20% 100%