Meteorologists believe that the air pollution in Ahwaz (the most polluted world's city) is attributed by the gasoline consumption and air temperature. They gather data on air pollution (PL), gasoline consumption (Gas), air temperature (Temp) over a 12 year period and run the following regression, which is estimated in terms of logarithms. The partial output is provided. A ?nal observation is that minimum and maximum values for log(Gas) are 12.03 and 12.35, respectively. The researchers claim that more gasoline consumption increases pollution.

Which of the following best characterizes the null and alternative hypotheses of a test inspecting the overall validity of the model?

log(PL) = Bo + B1 log(Gas) + 32 log(Temp) + e Regression Statistics Multiple R R2 Adjusted-R2 Standard Error 0.215053 Observations 12 ANOVA df SS MS F Significance F Regression 7.4E-07 Residual 0.416232 Total 9.587168 Coefficients Standard Error t-Stat P-value Intercept -1.07155 3.082363 -0.34764 0.736102 LogGas 0.69219 0.232018 0.022603 log Temp 1.368064 0.098742 13.85496 2.24E-07 to.025,9 = 2.262 to.05,9 = 1.833 to.005,9 = 3.250 to.01,9 = 2.821