Misinformation about risks, prevention, and treatment of COVID-19 has cost lives. Misinformation comes from many sources, with many motives for spreading and believing it. Misinformation from doctors and other healthcare providers is of particular concern. However, medical professionals speaking outside the context of a one-on-one doctor-patient relationship have traditionally enjoyed the full free-speech protections of the First Amendment.

What legal approach(s) are available to address the spread of misinformation?