Mr and Mrs Ndlovu are unemployed Mozambican citizens who have acquired permanent

residence status in South Africa. They fled Mozambique in the 1980s as a result of the outbreak

of civil war and sought refuge in South Africa. They integrated into the local community in the

KwaZulu-Natal province. In January 2012, through the assistance of social workers, they applied

for an old-age grant. In February 2012, their applications for old-age grants were refused because

they are not South African citizens. With reference to case law, discuss whether their applications'

refusal for old-age grants is constitutional.