Muhanad is a new hire in the accounting department of Jawwal. One of your responsibilities is the reconciliation of the operating account. After the end of the month he is given a copy of the bank statement and listing of checks paid during the month, and is instructed to perform bank reconciliation. He notices that there are some faint markings on a portion of the bank statement that could be alterations.

What steps would you advise him to take in performing the reconciliation?

Ahmad is a buyer for Al-Maktabeh a publishing company. His job is to purchase supplies and services for the printing of technical manuals. His brother sets up a printing company, and Ahmad hires him to print most of these manuals for Al-Maktabeh. However, rather than actually printing the manuals, his brother hires another printer to do the work, then sells the printed manuals to Al-Maktabeh at a 50% markup. As a result, his prices are much higher than the other printers who serve Al-Maktabeh.

What time of scheme is this explain your answer?

Hassan Ali works for Paltel Group as the customer service supervisor. When Nadia was hired into his department, he listed her start date as one month before she actually began work. Accordingly, the payroll department generated an extra paycheck for Nadia, which Hassan intercepted and cashed.

What type of fraud is this? What steps should Paltel take to prevent or detect such cases

Hassan kram is an internal auditor for Nablus Equipment Rental and Sales. While performing a routine review of one of the companys bank accounts, he noticed an unusual adjusting entry to the account on the general ledger. He also found that several checks that had cleared the bank in the last few months were absent from the stack of canceled checks. He requested copies of these checks from the bank and discovered that they were all made payable to the companys controller who has check signing authority on the account. The controller is also responsible for performing the bank reconciliation and recording month-end journal entries.

Which schemes do these signs most likely indicate? How could you prevent such a scheme?