Multinational corporations (MNCs) play significant roles in shaping the global economy. For example, MNCs in the U.S., which has the world's largest economy, make disproportionate contributions to the national economy: They represent a very small number of total American firms (less than 1%), but a large fraction of GDP, exports, imports, researchand development,and private-sector employee compensation; Specifically, U.S. MNC parent companies in 2016 constituted more than 24% of private sector GDP (value-added) and 26% of private-sector

employee compensation (Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2018). U.S. MNCs are engaged in more than half of all U.S. exports and more than 40% of U.S. imports (Bureau of Economic Analysis 2018b). Likewise, MNCs throughout the world dominate the global economy as well as their national economies. The OECD (2018) estimates that MNCs account for half of global exports, nearly a third of world GDP (28%), and about fourth of global employment. These firms all generate a significant share of their revenue from abroad as well. Despite theircontributions tothe economy, it has been established that the MNCs capital structure decisions is affected by various factors, discuss