Multiple Choice

0.. x MDS_2022_Chapter4_Review_.pdf IQ m / Z AP Statistics MDS 2022 Chapter 4 Test Review 16. In order to evaluate the yield per acre of three different varieties of corn, l2 one-acre plots of land will be used. One variety ofcom will be randomly assigned to 4 ofthe plots, the second variety to 4 other plots, and the third variety to the 4 remaining plots of land. At the end of the growing season, the yield per acre will be evaluated. Which one of the following is a true statement? The type of land is being used as a blocking factor. The treatments in this experiment are the plots of land. The experimental units in this situation are the varieties of corn. The randomization process will reduce the variation that exists due to the plots of land. Replication of corn variety on four plots of land allows the researchers to measure variability across plots of land. 99-5157?\" [7. Researchers want to know if biofeedback will reduce the anxiety of people with claustrophobia. To investigate this idea, the researchers teach biofeedback techniques to 37 adult volunteers who have symptoms of claustrophobia. After six weeks of training, 29 of the volunteers report a signicant reduction in their anxiety. A statistician criticizes the experiment. Which one of the following is likely to be the main criticism of the design? a. People without claustrophobia were not included in the study. No standardized measure of anxiety was described. c. The use of volunteers would not allow you to conclude that the biofeedback techniques were effective. d. Researchers should have used a random selection of people from the general population. e. No control group was used to account for improvement due to the effect of any type of treatment. 18. Measurements of water quality were taken from a river downstream from an abandoned chemical dumpsite. Concentrations of a certain chemical were obtained from 9 measurements taken at the surface of the water, 9 measurements taken at mid-depth of the water, and 9 measurements taken at the bottom of the water. What type of study was conducted, and what is the response variable of the study? An experiment was conducted, and the response variable is the concentration of chemical. An experiment was conducted, and the response variable is depth of the water. A census was conducted, and the response variable is the depth of the water. An observational study was conducted, and the response variable is the concentration of the chemical. e. An observational study was conducted, and the response variable is the depth of the water. 53-5157.\" .mulations of 16 free tln'ows. 22. C C C AP Statistics MDS 2022 Chapter 4 Test Review Below is a dotplot of the percentage of made free throws by a 60% 'ee-tln'ow shooter in 100 computer 0.00000000000-00l0000 DCODCOIOOCOICDICDIOOIOO 0. 000 00000000 0.00.00.000000 00000000000000. 0.000.... 0.0.. u. 5 x C h M H] ll Number of free throw; Illlllll.' Brayden was a 60% free throw shooter last season. He practiced all through the off-season and has made 12 of the rst 16 free throws this season. Based on his perfonnance and the results of the simulation. is there convincing evidence that Brayden has improved his 'ee-tlu'ovv percentage? Explain. (a) No. The simulation shows that there is a 14% chance of doing that well or better even if he is still a 60% free tlu'ow shooter. (b) No. The simulation shows that there is a 9% chance of doing that well or better even if he is still a 60% free throw shooter. (c) Yes, The simulation shows that there is a 14% chance of doing that well 01' better even if he is still a 600-0 free throw shooter. (d) Yes. The simulation shows that there is a 9\"o chalice of doing that well or better even if he is still a 60% free throw shooter. (e) Yes. He made 12-"16 = 75'? 0 of his 'ee throws. which is more than 60'? 0. This proves that he has improved. Staff members of a high school newspaper want to obtain an estimate of the average number of years teachers in the state have been teaching. At an educational conference attended by many teachers in the state, the staff members randomly selected 50 conference attendees and asked the attendees how long they have been teaching. Which of the following describes the sample and the population to which it would be most reasonable for the staff members to generalize the results? a The sample is the 50 conference attendees, and the population is all teachers in the state. b The sample is the 50 conference attendees, and the population is all conference attendees. c. The sample is all conference attendees, and the population is all teachers in the state. d The sample is all conference attendees, and the population is the 50 conference attendees. e The sample is the average number of years that all conference attendees have taught, and the population is all conference attendees. 0.. AP Statistics MDS 2022 Chapter 4 Test Review A TV station wishes to obtain information on the TV viewing habits in its market area. The market area contains one city of population 170,000, another city of 70,000, and four towns of about 5,000 inhabitants each. The station suspects that viewing habits may be different in larger and smaller cities and in the rural areas. Which of the following sampling designs would give the type of information that the station requires? A convenience sample from the market area A cluster sample using cities and towns as clusters A simple random sample from the market area A stratied sample using cities and towns as strata An online poll that invites all people from the cities and towns in the market area {VP-PET?\" A television news editor would like to know how local registered voters would respond to the question, \"Are you in favor of the school bond measure that will be voted on in an upcoming special election?\" A television survey is conducted during a break in the evening news by listing two telephone numbers side by side on the screen, one for viewers to call if they approve of the bond measured, and the other to call if they disapprove. This survey method could produce biased results for a number of reasons. Which one of the following is the most obvious reason? It uses a stratied sample rather than a simple random sample. People who feel strongly about the issue are more likely to respond. Viewers should be told about the issues before the survey is conducted. Some registered voters who call might not vote in the election. The wording of the question is biased. {DP-PST?\" Which of the following is not a characteristic of stratied random sampling? Random sampling is a part of the sampling procedure. The population is divided into groups of units that are similar on some characteristic. The strata are based on facts known before the sample is selected. Each individual unit in the population belongs to one and only one of the strata. Every possible subset of the population, of the desired sample size, has an equal chance of being selected. {VP-PETE\" A large simple random sample of people aged nineteen to thirty living in the state of Colorado was surveyed to determine which of two MP3 players just developed by a new company was preferred. To which of the following populations can the results of this survey be safely generalized. Only people aged nineteen to thirty living in the state of Colorado who were in this survey. Only people aged nineteen to thirty living in the state of Colorado. All people living in the state of Colorado. Only people aged nineteen to thirty living in the United States. All people living in the United States. {DP-PST?\" 20f8 12. l3. 14. IS. 0.. AP Statistics MDS 2022 Chapter 4 Test Review A orist wanted to investigate whether a new powder added to the water of cut owers helps to keep the owers fresh longer than just water alone. For a shipment of roses that was delivered to the store, the orist ipped a coin before placing each rose in its own individual container with water. If the coin landed heads up, the rose was placed in water with the new powder; otherwise, the rose was placed in water alone. Which of the following is the best description of the method used by the orist? An experiment with a completely randomized design An experiment with a matched pair design An observational study A stratied random sample A simple random sample 9999'?\" Automobile brake pads are either metallic or nonmetallic. An experiment is to be conducted to determine whether the stopping distance is the same for both types of brake pads. In previous studies, it was determined that car size is associated with stopping distance, but car type is not associated with stopping distance. This experiment would best be done by blocking on car size. by blocking on car type. by blocking on stopping distance. by blocking on brake pad type. without blocking. {DP-PETE\" A researcher wishes to test a new drug developed to treat hypertension. A group of 40 hypertensive men and 60 hypertensive women is to be used. The experimenter randomly assigns 20 of the men and 30 of them women to the placebo and assigns the rest to the treatment. The major reason for separate assignment for the men and the women is that it is a large study with 100 subjects. the new drug may affect men and women differently. the new drug may affect hypertensive and nonhypertensive people differently. this design uses matched pairs to detect the new-drug effect. there must be an equal number of subjects in both the placebo group and the treatment group. 999575\" Variables are considered to be confounded if they are both studied as part of the experiment. more than one additional treatment group is included in the experiment. their effects on the response variable cannot be separated. the response variable is controlled by a placebo. randomization wasn't used in setting up the initial experimental study. {DP-PETE\" 4of8 IO. ll. AP Statistics MDS 2022 Chapter 4 Test Review Researchers wish to determine if a new experimental medication will reduce the symptoms of allergy sufferers without the side effect of drowsiness. To investigate this question, the researchers give the new medication to 50 adult volunteers who suffer from allergies. After a specied length of time, 44 of these volunteers report a signicant reduction in their allergy symptoms without any drowsiness. The biggest issue with this experiment relates to which of the following principles of experimental design? Comparison Control Replication Randomization None of the above PDQ-PST?\" A new medication has been developed to treat sleep-onset insomnia. Researchers want to compare this new drug to a drug that has been used in the past by comparing the length of time it takes subjects to fall asleep. Of the following, which is the best method for obtaining this information? a. Have subjects choose which drug they are willing to use, then compare the results. b. Assign the two drugs to the subjects on the basis of their past sleep history without randomization, then compare the results. c. Give the new drug to all subjects on the first night. Give the old drug to all subjects on the second night. Compare the results. d. Randomly assign the subjects to two groups, giving the new drug to one group and no drug to the other group, and then compare the results. e. Randomly assign the subjects to two groups, giving the new drug to one group and the old drug to the other group, and then compare the results. To test the effect of music on productivity, a group of assembly line workers are given iPods to play whatever music they choose while working for one month. For another month, they work without music. The order of the two treatments for each worker is determined randomly. This is an observational study. a matched pairs experiment. a completely randomized experiment. a randomized block experiment. impossible to classify unless more details of the study are provided. PDQ-PST?\" A researcher randomly selected 25 male volunteers and 25 female volunteers to participate in a study on weight and cholesterol. The volunteers were unaware of the purpose of the study. Each volunteer's weight and cholesterol level were recorded. This is an example of a single-blind experiment. a completely randomized experiment. a matched pairs experiment. a block experiment. an observational study. {VP-PST?\" 30f8 0.. AP Statistics MDS 2022 Chapter 4 Test Review Name Date Class I. We wish to draw a sample of size 5 without replacement from a population of 50 households, using the following line of Table D: 11362 35692 96237 90842 46843 62719 64049 17823 Then the households selected are: households 1 1, 36, 23, 08, 42 households 11, 13, 36, 62, 73 households 11, 36, 23, 23,08 households 1 l, 36, 23, 56, 92 households 1 1, 35, 96, 90, 46 PDQ-PET.\" 2. A researcher wanted to estimate the average amount of money spent on extracun'icular activities per school in a certain region. The researcher randomly selected 20 public schools and 20 private schools in the region to use for a sample. Which of the following best describes the type of sample that was taken? a. A census b. A cluster sample c. A convenience sample (1. A simple random sample e. A stratied random sample 3. In a certain school, students can choose whether to eat in the school's cafeteria. A reporter working for the school's newspaper polled students on their reactions to changes in the menu at the cafeteria. For each student leaving the cafeteria in one 30-minute time period, the reporter used a coin to determine whether to stop the student and ask how he or she felt about the new menu. In the reporter's article, it was stated that a random sample of the students showed that 89 percent of the school's student population was happy with the new menu. Which of the following is true? a. Because each student leaving the cafeteria was randomly selected and could choose to answer or not, this is a random sample of the student population, and the 89% is an accurate measurement ofthe school population's view of the new menu. b. Because students self-selected whether to eat in the cafeteria, the sampling method might be biased and the sample might not be representative of all students in the school. c. The survey would have been more effective if the reporter had collected the data in one 15- minute period rather than in one 30-minute time period. (:1. The survey would have been more effective if students who cared about the food could have called the reporter to tell how they felt about the new menu, so that only students with opinions on the subject would have been surveyed. e. Because no treatment was imposed on the students eating in the cafeteria, one cannot make any conclusions about the new menu