myopenmathoom . Step I: State the claims Our aim Is to decide between two opposing points of view, Claim 1 and Claim 2. 1n hypothesis testing, Claim 1 is called the null hypothesis (denoted "Hg "l, and Claim 2 plays the role of the alternative hypothesis (denoted "Hu "). The null hypothesis suggests nothing special is going on; in other words, there is no change from the status quo, no difference from the traditional state of affairs, no relationship. In contrast, the alternative hypothesis disagrees with this, stating that something is going on, or there is a change from the status quo, or there is a difference from the traditional state of affairs. The alternative hypothesis, H, , usually represents what we want to check or what we suspect is really going on. Let's go back to our three examples and apply the new notation: In Example 1: Smokers 0 H0 : The proportion of smokers at Goodheart is 0.20. 0 Ha : The proportion of smokers at Goodheart is less than 0.20. In Example 2: Allergy Medicine - Ho : The mean concentration in the shipment is the required 245 ppm. I Ha : The mean concentration in the shipment is not the required 245 ppm. In Example 3: Gender and SAT Scores 0 H0 : Performance on the SAT is not related to gender (males and females score the same). c Ha : Performance on the SAT is related to gender - males score higher. Learn By Doing .1 According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the proportion of U.S. adults age 25 or older who smoke is 0.22. A researcher suspects that the rate is lower among U.S. adults 25 or older who have a bachelor's degree or higher education level. ? Learn By Doing A Mm What is the null hypothesis in this case? C] The proportion of smokers among U.S. adults 25 or older who have a bachelor's degree or higher is less than 0.22. C] The proportion of smokers among US. adults 25 or older who have a bachelor's degree or higher is 0.22. [:JThe proportion of smokers among U.S. adults 25 or older who have a bachelor's degree or higher is not 0.22. DThere is no relationship between education level and smoking habits. Hint 3 Hint 4 What is the alternative hypothesis in this case? C} The proportion of smokers among U.S. adults 25 or older who have a bachelor's degree or higher is less than 0.22. DThe proportion of smokers among U.S. adults 25 or older who have a bachelor's degree or higher is 0.22. D The proportion of smokers among U.S. adults 25 or older who have a bachelor's degree or higher is not 0.22. [:1 There is a relationship between level of education level and smoking habits