Mythical horse phylogeny: For the following questions imagine that all of these different types of mythical horses existed and were evolutionarily related to modern day real horses. I have included the descriptions just to help make the organisms a little more understandable. The key information that you need is all in Table 1 though so don't worry too much about the descriptions. Unicorn: A magical forest dwelling horse with a single horn on its head. These creatures are herbivores that are most active just after dawn and just before dusk. Their hooves have an outer covering of precious metal either gold or silver depending on the breed. Pegasus: A magical horse found mostly on the open plains these creatures have large magnificent wings that allow them to fly. They are herbivores that are active throughout the day except for the hottest part of the hottest days where they tend to prefer to find cool shade to wait out the heat. Their hooves are actually covered on the outside with precious metal like the unicorn but in this case the metal is platinum. Zombie horse: A fierce predator found in the mountains and foothills these horses are carnivores that hunt mostly prey from the size of rabbits to coyotes. They have large prominent fangs and come out only at night since they rapidly deteriorate if exposed to sunlight. Vampire horse: Thankfully the vampire horse is an extremely rare and solitary creature. Living mostly in dark caves underground they are carnivores with a pair of large fangs that can drain the blood of a large deer or cow in just a few minutes. Like the zombie horse these organisms are killed by exposure to sunlight and so are commonly found in the darkest parts of the night. Dragon horse: A recently discovered species found in the forests that cover islands in Indonesia and the Philippines. These small carnivores fly through the air with wings and hunt the large numbers of insects that come out at night with tiny needle like fangs. Other than their wings these creatures lack any other appendages and on the ground must move their bodies with snake like slithering. Table 1: phylogenetic characters of mythic horses Unicorn Pegasus 4-legs Invisible to humans Carnivorous Fangs Killed by sunlight Wings Precious metal hooves Horn Real horse 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 Vampire horse 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 Zombie horse 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 Dragon horse 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 11. Use the characteristics in Table 1 to build a phylogeny of the mythic horses. You can use the real horse as an outgroup to help with your work. 12. At a social event one night you hear several people talking about the phylogeny of these mythical horses (what a fun social life you must have!). One of the people in the group suggest that because they lack legs dragon horses must be the least related to all the others. In other words, that all the other mythical horses are more closely related to each other than to the dragon horse. Based on the table and your phylogeny what do you think of this idea? 7 13a. You also hear them say that they think wings in Pegasus and Dragon horses must be analogous characteristics. What are analogous characteristics? 13b. Do you think wings in these two groups are analogous? Why/Why not?