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Ascertainment bias If the individuals in the source population do not have equal chances of being selected for the sample population Is not possible when one collects a convenience sample Occurs if the convenience sample is not representative of the source or target population as a whole O Occurs from probability sampling techniques Operationalization Figure into the discussion of sampling. You must attempt to have a random sample in order to be properly operationalized O Figure into the discussion of measurement. You must be precise with your measurements so that you can reduce systematic error O Figure into the discussion of measurement. You must be precise with your measurements so that you can help reduce generalizability of findings. O Figure into the discussion of sampling. You must be precise with your measurements so that you can help reduce generalizability of findings