Najaf Pharmaceuticals Corporation, a pharmaceutical company based in Iraq, presents its shareholders' equity section of the balance sheet as of December 31, 2023, with the following details:

• Common Stock: IQD 50,000,000
• Retained Earnings: IQD 80,000,000
• Treasury Stock: IQD (10,000,000)

Analyze Najaf Pharmaceuticals Corporation's equity structure and transactions. Discuss the significance of each component of shareholders' equity and evaluate the company's financial flexibility and capital structure.