Need a lab report on Stoichiometry of a Precipitation Reaction. Only worry about section 1-7. The experiment has already been done.

Sections	Description
Title	Experiment number and/or title Your name Date and time experiment was performed Location if work was performed in the field Course name and section
Section 1: Abstract	One paragraph that summarizes the report (no longer than a paragraph) Belongs at the very beginning of the paper, but should be written last Concise description of the experimental objectives, results, and conclusions Includes why the experiment was performed; what problems were addressed; what major conclusions were found; and what major conclusions were drawn. Does not include general background information. Uses proper terminology for your course (examples include: pH, dominant, nucleotide, contamination, X or Y-linked, etc.)
Section 2: Introduction and Background	Includes the reason the study is being done, relevant background information about the organism, chemical, or process being examined, and the hypothesis or questions being asked in the study. Briefly explain any specific and relevant theories and research (3 sources expected - see section 7) Briefly summarize of what was done in the experiment, what was observed and/or what you expected to find, and what, if any, problems were encountered. Briefly summarize the laboratory techniques and equipment you used to collect and analyze the data upon which the conclusions are based. Photos and graphic illustrations in this section with graphics in .jpg, .tif, or .gif format to minimize electronic file size.
Section 3: Materials and Methods	Lists the materials and/or equipment used to conduct the experiment Methods states, in paragraph form, what was done by you with enough detail to allow the reader to repeat the experiment step-by-step. Describes in detail the laboratory techniques and equipment you used to collect and analyze the data upon which the conclusions are based. Describes the steps of the procedure in order and the reasons for each. Includes all calculations or formulas needed to obtain the final results. this section should be written with the audience in mind; for example, most people do not need to be told how to find the mean or standard deviation of the data, but will need to know the formula used to find the rate of oxygen consumption of an organism
Section 4: Results	Results section is written in paragraph form and is one or two pages long Do not offer any explanation for the results in this section Presents the results in text and graphic form (figures, tables, graphs) Describes the general trends seen in the data in narrative form (paragraphs). All figures and tables should be referenced in the narrative. Do not redraw the graph in words; let it do the work for you. For example, Temperature had a pronounced effect on seedling growth rate (Figure 6). In particular, seedlings at 25 degrees Celsius consistently grew more rapidly than those at 20 degrees Celsius.
Section 5: Discussion	The discussion is the meat of the lab report. Tries to answer the question "Why?" Explains what was expected and what was found. Do the data support the original hypothesis? Why or why not? This section presents reasons for the results obtained in the experiment and references related studies. What trends were noticed; why did they occur? What is the theory or model behind the experiment and is it substantiated by your results? This section also includes potential sources of error. What recommendations might improve the procedure and results? Consideration is given to: What is the connection between the experimental measurements taken and the final results and conclusions? How do these results relate to the real world? What were the results of observations and calculations? What trends were noticed? What is the theory or model behind the experiment? Do the experimental results substantiate or refute the theory? Why? Be sure to refer specifically to the results you obtained. Were the results consistent with your original predictions of outcomes or were you forced to revise your thinking? Did errors occur (for example, environmental changes or unplanned interference in the procedure)? If so, how did these errors affect the experiment? Did any errors occur due to the equipment used (for example, contamination due to a lack of aseptic technique)? What recommendations might improve the procedures and results?
Section 6: Conclusion	Consists of a single paragraph. Restates the objective, the results, and important discussion findings; Does NOT introduce new material. Conclusion should be supported by at least 3 reasons and/or pieces of data obtained from the experiment.
Section 7: Citations and Presentation	For Citations: Presents complete citations for all factual material referred to in the text of the report. Each citation should include the names of all authors, the year of publication, and the full title Be sure that all sources are accurately documented in the desired AMA format (see UNE library for resources on this; i.e. RefWorks). At least 3 sources are expected, three of which are from the scientific peer-reviewed literature, unless told otherwise by your instructor. The rest of these may be non-internet sources (books, magazines, newspapers, journals, etc.). Avoid the citation of blogs, Facebook, or other non-scientific sites. WebMD, Wikipedia, Mayo Clinic, etc. summary sites are not accepted as references. For Presentation: The text for each section is in a narrative format using standard English and using complete sentences The text displays proper grammar, spelling, punctuation, and word-choice

Data Table 1: Stoichiometry Values

Initial: CaCl22H2O (g)	1.50g
Initial: CaCl22H2O (mol)	0.0102moles
Initial: CaCl2(mol)	0.0102moles
Initial: Na2CO3(mol)	0.0102moles
Initial: Na2CO3(g)	1.081g
Theoretical: CaCO3(g)	1.02g
Mass of Filter paper (g)	1.06g
Mass of Filter Paper + CaCO3(g)	1.73g
Actual: CaCO3(g)	0.67g
% Yield:	65.69%

Procedure of the experiment:

Review the following reaction, where sodium carbonate and calcium chloride dihydrate react in an aqueous solution to create calcium carbonate (solid precipitate formed in the reaction), a salt (sodium chloride), and water.

Na2CO3(aq) + CaCl22H2O CaCO3(s) + 2NaCl(aq) + 2H2O(l)

Put on your safety gloves and goggles.

Use the graduated cylinder to measure 25 ml of distilled water. Add 25 ml of distilled water to each of the two 100 ml glass beakers.

Turn on the digital scale, place the plastic weigh boat on the scale and tare the scale so that it reads 0.00 g.

Use the metal spatula to measure 1.50 grams of the CaCl₂2H₂O.

Carefully add the CaCl₂2H₂O to one of the beakers containing 25 mL of distilled water. Submerge the weigh boat into the beaker to transfer all of the CaCl₂2H₂O if any residue remains on the weigh boat. Swirl the beaker until the CaCl₂2H₂O is fully dissolved into the water.

Rinse the weigh boat and metal spatula with distilled water and fully dry both with paper towels.

Use the information and examples provided in the Exploration to calculate how many moles of CaCl₂2H₂O are present in 1.50 g of CaCl₂2H₂O and then calculate how many moles of pure CaCl₂ are present in the 1.50 g of CaCl₂2H₂O. Record the answers in Data Table 1.

Use the information and examples provided in the Exploration and the values recorded in Data Table 1 from Step 8 to determine how many moles of Na₂CO₃ are necessary to reach stoichiometric quantities. From that calculation, determine how many grams of Na₂CO₃ are necessary to reach stoichiometric quantities. Record both values in Data Table 1.

Turn on the digital scale, place the plastic weigh boat on the scale and tare the scale so that it reads 0.00 g.

Use the metal spatula to measure the calculated amount of Na₂CO₃, and carefully add it to the 25 mL of distilled water in the second 100 mL glass beaker. Submerge the weigh boat into the beaker to transfer all of the Na₂CO₃ if any residue remains on the weigh boat.

Use the stir rod to stir the Na₂CO₃ and break apart any clumps until it is fully dissolved into the water.

Pour the Na₂CO₃ solution from the 100 mL glass beaker into the beaker containing the CaCl₂2H₂O solution. Rinse the beaker containing Na₂CO₃ with 2-3 mL of distilled water and transfer the rinse to the beaker containing the CaCl₂2H₂O. Swirl the beaker to fully mix the two solutions and the precipitate of calcium carbonate will form instantly.

Use the information and examples provided in the Exploration to determine the maximum (theoretical) amount of CaCO₃, in grams, that can be produced from the precipitation reaction. Record this value in Data Table 1.

Wash the now empty 100 mL glass beaker (that contained the Na₂CO₃ solution) with soap and water. Rinse the beaker with distilled water and thoroughly dry with paper towel.

Fold the round filter paper into a cone shape.

Folding of filter paper.

Place the folded filter paper onto the tared scale and record the mass of the filter paper in Data Table 1.

Place the folded filter paper into the funnel and dampen it with a small amount of distilled water. Swirl the contents of the beaker to dislodge any precipitate from the sides and while holding the filter paper open, slowly pour the contents of the beaker into the filter-paper lined funnel.

Note: Be careful not to overfill the funnel. It may be necessary to gently swirl the funnel to keep the precipitate from clogging the paper, but be careful not to touch the filter paper so that it does not tear.

Add 2-3 mL of distilled water to the beaker and swirl the water around the sides of the beaker to collect any precipitate stuck to the sides of the beaker. Pour into the filter-paper lined funnel.

Allow all of the liquid to drain from the funnel into the beaker. This may take 10-15 minutes.

Note: Lift the funnel periodically during this time to facilitate the water draining into the beaker. Again, do not touch the filter paper so that it does not tear.

After all liquid has drained from the funnel, carefully remove the filter paper from the funnel and place it on paper towels in a warm location, such as a window that receives a lot of sunlight, where it will not be disturbed.

Filter paper with precipitate set on paper towel to dry.

Allow the filter paper to completely dry, which will require an overnight drying period.

Note: Ensure the filter paper is placed in a location that does not have flowing air, such as a fan or air vent.

When the filter paper with precipitate is completely dry, tare the scale and place the paper onto the scale to obtain the mass. Record the mass of the filter paper and precipitate in Data Table 1.

Calculate the actual mass of the precipitate and record in Data Table 1.

Calculate the percent yield of the precipitate and record in Data Table 1.