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36 Refer to Example 2.11 for the following questions. a. What mask value and what operation would one use to indicate that machine 2 is busy? b. What mask value and what operation would one use to indicate that machines 2 and 6 are no longer busy? (Note: This can be done with only one operation.) c. What mask value and what operation would one use to indicate that all machines are busy? d. What mask value and what operation would one use to indicate that all machines are idle? e. Using the operations discussed in this chapter, develop a procedure to isolate the status bit of machine 2 as the sign bit. For example, if the BUSYNESS pattern is 01011100 , then the output of this procedure is 10000000 . If the BUSYNESS pattern is 01110011 , then the output is 00000000. In general, if the BUSYNESS pattern is: the output is: Hint: What happens when you ADD a bit pattern to itself? Suppose we have eight machines that we want to monitor with respect to their availability. We can keep track of them with an eight-bit BUSYNESS bit vector, where a bit is 1 if the unit is free and 0 if the unit is busy. The bits are labeled, from right to left, from 0 to 7. The BUSYNESS bit vector 11000010 corresponds to the situation where only units 7, 6, and 1 are free and therefore available for work assignment. Suppose work is assigned to unit 7 . We update our BUSYNESS bit vector by performing the logical AND, where our two sources are the current bit vector 11000010 and the bit mask 01111111 . The purpose of the bit mask is to clear bit 7 of the BUSYNESS bit vector, while leaving alone the values corresponding to all the other units. The result is the bit vector 01000010 , indicating that unit 7 is now busy. Suppose unit 5 finishes its task and becomes idle. We can update the BUSYNESS bit vector by performing the logical OR of it with the bit mask 00100000 . The result is 01100010 , indicating that unit 5 is now available