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Term/Name of Person What I know about it? Aristotle's Concept of Vertical Motion, Horizontal motion, and Projectile Motion 1. Vertical Motion - is referred to as natural motion. In a natural motion, the object will move and will return to its natural state based on the object's material or composition - earth, water, air, and fire. Example: Aristotle believed that because a ball fell when thrown upward, its element was earth. Aristotelian concept of natural motion is largely vertical motion which is falling or rising. 2. Horizontal Motion - an object moving in a violent motion requires push or pull to maintain horizontal motion. Motion continues only so long as there is an applied force to an object. Example: Violent motion is imposed motion caused by pushing or pulling. Aristotle classified any motion that required a force as a "violent motion". (H did not mean violent in the sense that it is marked by the use of harmful or destructive physical force. 3. Projectile Motion - Aristotle believed that the projectile motion of an object is parallel to the ground until it is the object's time to fall back into the ground. He viewed projectile motion as a natural and violent motion. He said that heavy objects fall faster that light ones. Example: A fired Cannonball Galileo's Concept of Vertical motion, Horizontal motion, and Projectile motion 1. Vertical Motion - In the absence of a resistance, objects would fall not depending on their weight, but in the time of fall. If the object encountered a resistive force from a fluid equal or greater than its weight, it will slow down and reaches a uniform motion until it reaches the bottom and stops. Example: Without any resistance, a 1kg object will be as fast as a 10kg object when falling because they fall with the same amount of time, given that they are released from the same height. 2. Horizontal motion - An object in motion, if unimpeded, will continue to be in motion, and an external force is not necessary to maintain the motion. If the earth's surface is very flat and extended infinitely, objects that are pushed will not be impeded. Thus, the objects will continue to move. Example: A ball pushed on a flat surface, the ball will continue to roll if unimpeded 3. Projectile Motion - Galileo performed experiments on uniformly accelerated motion using an inclined plane, and used the same apparatus to study projectile motion. O Galileo was credited for quantifying the "rate of fall" by measurement of distance and time and plotting it graphically. He believed that a projectile is a combination of uniform motion in the horizontal direction and uniformly accelerated motion in the vertical direction. Example: Shooting of a ball in basketball ring, the ball does not need a force to keep it movingdependent on its weight. Let Us Do Activity 2. Table Summary Instructions: Summarize your understanding about the Aristotelian and Galilean conceptions of motion by filling out the table below. ARISTOTELIAN Description Examples Horizontal Motion Vertical Motion Projectile Motion GALILEAN Description Examples Horizontal Motion Vertical Motion Projectile Motion