Neuropsychology is a specialty field within clinical psychology that seeks to understand and treat patients with cognitive impairments. Such impairments result from aging, disease, or injury. Neuropsychologists are expected to understand a broad range of relationships between the nervous system and behavior. Neuropsychologists often work in collaboration with neurologists, who are medical doctors. The division of labor between these two professions can be described as follows: the neuropsychologist assesses and treats the physical consequences of disease or injury, while the neuropsychologist assesses and treats the cognitive consequences of disease or injury. If a soldier experiences a concussion as a result of an explosion, the neurologist would address the physical challenges, such as potential bleeding and swelling in the brain. The neuropsychologist assesses the soldier and provides rehabilitation for changes in attention span and short-term memory.

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