Nicole organized a new corporation. The corporation began business on April 1 of year 1. She made the following expenditures associated with getting the corporation started: (Leave no answer blank. Enter zero if applicable.)

Expense	Date	Amount
Attorney fees for articles of incorporation	February 10	$	34,500
March 1March 30 wages	March 30		4,600
March 1March 30 rent	March 30		2,250
Stock issuance costs	April 1		36,000
April 1May 30 wages	May 30		11,500

a. What is the total amount of the start-up costs and organizational expenditures for Nicole's corporation?

b. What amount of the start-up costs and organizational expenditures may the corporation immediately expense in year 1 (excluding the portion of the expenditures that are amortized over 180 months)?

c. What amount can the corporation deduct as amortization expense for the organizational expenditures and for the start-up costs for year 1 (not including the amount determined in part b)?

d. What would be the total allowable organizational expenditures if Nicole started a sole proprietorship instead of a corporation?