Nokia was one of the front-runners of the mobile phone industry. However, when smartphone technology was introduced, Nokia quickly become a forgotten name. Basic phones have become largely obsolete, and the selection has decreased exponentially since the demand for smartphones has heavily increased. Apple, Android, and Samsung now currently hold the largest market share for the smartphone industry. With this information, we can conclude that Nokia has been affected by a(n):

a. Industry paradigm shift

b. Computer paradigm shift

c. Disruptive technology

d. Technological paradigm shift