NOMINAL DAMAGES ARE THOSE WHICH : (A) ARE "NAMED" IN THE CONTRACT - I. E., A SPECIFIC SUM OF MONEY THAT ONE PARTY AGREES TO PAY TO THE OTHER IN THE EVENT THAT HE BREACHES THE CONTRACT (B) ARE "IN NAME ONLY" - I. E., A SMALL SUM AWARDED TO A PLAINTIFF WHOSE RIGHTS HAVE BEEN INFRINGED UPON AS A RESULT OF THE DEFENDANT'S BREACH OF CONTRACT OR OTHER MISCONDUCT, BUT WHO SUFFERED NO REAL OR ACTUAL LOSS AS A RESULT OF DEFENDANT'S WRONG (C) ARE AWARDED BY A COURT WHERE A "LIQUIDATED DAMAGES" CLAUSE IN A CONTRACT IS FELT BY THE COURT TO BE EXCESSIVE: THAT IS, NOMINAL DAMAGES ARE THOSE THAT ARE GIVEN IN LIEU OF LIQUIDATED DAMAGES