Note: b denotes bits and B denotes Bytes (1 Byte = 8 bits)

Consider a packet of length L, which is sent from end-system A and travels over nine links to a destination endsystem. These links are connected through eight routers. Let di , si , and Ri denote the length, propagation speed, and the transmission rate of each link i, for i = 1 to 9. The router delays each packet by dproc. Queuing delay at each router is dque. What is the total end-to-end delay for the packet in terms of di , si , Ri , (i = 1 to 9), and L? Now suppose, the packet is 3 KBytes, the propagation speed on all links is 2.5x108 m/s, the transmission rates of all links are 120 Mbps. The length of first and second links are 5 Km, the length of third, fourth, fifth and sixth links are 9.25 Km, and the length of seventh, eight, and ninth links is 1 Km. Processing delay in each router is 0.5 msec and queuing delay in each router is 0.25 msec. For these values, what is the end-to-end delay?