Now let's run our first set of simulations. Set the following parameters: Initial size: 250 Mortality Rate: 8 Carrying Capacity: 500 Brood Size: 10 Sex-Ratio:

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Now let's run our first set of simulations. Set the following parameters: Initial size: 250 Mortality Rate: 8 Carrying Capacity: 500 Brood Size: 10 Sex-Ratio: 0.5 Initial R Allele Proportion: 0.5 Migration Rate: 0 Migrant R Allele Proportion: 0.5 Mutation Rate R to r: 0 Mutation Rater to R: 0 rr Fitness: 1 Rr Fitness: 1 RR Fitness: 1 Strength of Assortative Mating: 0 (note: positive assortment means a desire to mate with those like oneself and negative assortment means a desire to mate with those unlike oneself). Run the experiment until it reaches 50 generations and then hit the stop button (note: you can speed up the rate at which the simulation runs). Record the proportion of the Rand ralleles in the table below. Record the proportion of the rre Rr, and RR genotypes in the table below. Do this 4 more times and fill in the rest of the table. Trial # 1 Prop of R 0.7 0.52 Prop of Rr 0.44 0.5 2 Prop ofr 0.3 0.48 0.59 0.36 0.52 Prop of ra 0.08 0.23 0.34 0.15 0.25 Prop of RR 0.48 0.27 0.16 0.43 0.21 3 0.41 0.5 4 0.64 0.48 0.43 0.54 5 Now do the same thing except start with an initial population of 25 fish. Trial # 1 2 Prop of R 0.61 0.85 0.25 0.69 0.3 Prop of 0.39 0.15 0.75 0.31 0.7 Prop of ra 0.14 0.02 0.57 0.1 0.49 Prop of Rr 0.48 0.25 0.34 0.41 0.41 Prop of RR 0.38 0.72 0.09 0.49 0.09 3 4 5 What can you conclude from your results? What can you say about the degree and directionality of changes in p and q for these experiments? What assumption of the HW equation are we varying? What is this phenomenon called? P= R allele proportion, q= r allele proportion Now reset the initial population to 250 fish and change the Migration Rate to 0.5 and the Migrant R Allele Proportion to 0.6. Run the experiment for 100 generations. Did you see the changes in p and q that you expected? Explain your answer. What is this phenomenon called? Trial # 1 Prop of R 0.62 Prop ofr 0.38 Prop of r. 0.14 Prop of Rr 0.5 Prop of RR 0.36 Now reset the Migration Rate to 0 and decrease the Genotype Fitness of Rr to 0.5. Run the experiment for 50 generations. Did you see the results you expected for the proportions of R&r and rr, Rr, & rr? Explain. Trial # Prop of R Prop ofr Prop of rr. Prop of Rr Prop of RR 1 0.28 0.72 0.63 0.18 0.19 A certain type of butterfly comes in two varieties. One has brown wings and the other has white wings. The color is due to a single gene with brown (B) being dominant and white (b) being recessive. You sample a population and get the following results: 150 BB, 2250Bb, and 600 bb. This population is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The main predators of this butterfly are robins that are prevalent in the habitat of the butterfly. This habitat is in an urbanized environment where most of the buildings are white-painted stucco and cement. Give the most likely explanation for why this population is not in equilibrium. Note: to answer this question, you must determine the predicted and actual ratios of p and q. Now let's run our first set of simulations. Set the following parameters: Initial size: 250 Mortality Rate: 8 Carrying Capacity: 500 Brood Size: 10 Sex-Ratio: 0.5 Initial R Allele Proportion: 0.5 Migration Rate: 0 Migrant R Allele Proportion: 0.5 Mutation Rate R to r: 0 Mutation Rater to R: 0 rr Fitness: 1 Rr Fitness: 1 RR Fitness: 1 Strength of Assortative Mating: 0 (note: positive assortment means a desire to mate with those like oneself and negative assortment means a desire to mate with those unlike oneself). Run the experiment until it reaches 50 generations and then hit the stop button (note: you can speed up the rate at which the simulation runs). Record the proportion of the Rand ralleles in the table below. Record the proportion of the rre Rr, and RR genotypes in the table below. Do this 4 more times and fill in the rest of the table. Trial # 1 Prop of R 0.7 0.52 Prop of Rr 0.44 0.5 2 Prop ofr 0.3 0.48 0.59 0.36 0.52 Prop of ra 0.08 0.23 0.34 0.15 0.25 Prop of RR 0.48 0.27 0.16 0.43 0.21 3 0.41 0.5 4 0.64 0.48 0.43 0.54 5 Now do the same thing except start with an initial population of 25 fish. Trial # 1 2 Prop of R 0.61 0.85 0.25 0.69 0.3 Prop of 0.39 0.15 0.75 0.31 0.7 Prop of ra 0.14 0.02 0.57 0.1 0.49 Prop of Rr 0.48 0.25 0.34 0.41 0.41 Prop of RR 0.38 0.72 0.09 0.49 0.09 3 4 5 What can you conclude from your results? What can you say about the degree and directionality of changes in p and q for these experiments? What assumption of the HW equation are we varying? What is this phenomenon called? P= R allele proportion, q= r allele proportion Now reset the initial population to 250 fish and change the Migration Rate to 0.5 and the Migrant R Allele Proportion to 0.6. Run the experiment for 100 generations. Did you see the changes in p and q that you expected? Explain your answer. What is this phenomenon called? Trial # 1 Prop of R 0.62 Prop ofr 0.38 Prop of r. 0.14 Prop of Rr 0.5 Prop of RR 0.36 Now reset the Migration Rate to 0 and decrease the Genotype Fitness of Rr to 0.5. Run the experiment for 50 generations. Did you see the results you expected for the proportions of R&r and rr, Rr, & rr? Explain. Trial # Prop of R Prop ofr Prop of rr. Prop of Rr Prop of RR 1 0.28 0.72 0.63 0.18 0.19 A certain type of butterfly comes in two varieties. One has brown wings and the other has white wings. The color is due to a single gene with brown (B) being dominant and white (b) being recessive. You sample a population and get the following results: 150 BB, 2250Bb, and 600 bb. This population is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The main predators of this butterfly are robins that are prevalent in the habitat of the butterfly. This habitat is in an urbanized environment where most of the buildings are white-painted stucco and cement. Give the most likely explanation for why this population is not in equilibrium. Note: to answer this question, you must determine the predicted and actual ratios of p and