Nuclear radioactivity produces three main types of radiation, Cr, ,3, and 1' radiation. Each type of radiation has different penetrating power and requires different amount of minimal shielding material. Match each radiation below with the minimum shielding typically needed to stop the radiation. Hint 18 radiation a. No shielding material exists. a radiation b. a thick layer of lead 1' radiation c. a few centimeters of air d. a thin metal plate Each type of nuclear radiation, originally named a, ,3, and 1' according to their penetrating power, have been identified with different subatomic particles. Match each radiation below with the correct subatomic particle. Hint _ a particle a. photon particle b. proton 1' particle c. helium-4 nucleus d. neutron e. electron "Ultraviolet catastrophe" refers to a disastrous attempt at developing a theory of widely studied physical phenomenon. Choose the correct description below which gives the correct description of ultraviolet catastrophe and the physical phenomenon being studied. Hint C} The term I1ultraviolet catastrophe" describes an attempt at theoretical description of human vision, where physiological study of the human eye predicted we should be able to see light of wavelengths down to 100 nm, but in practice, our vision works only down to 400 nm. 0 The term I1ultraviolet catastrophe" describes an attempt at theoretical description of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a hot object, but the theory predicted much more short wavelength radiation than is actually emitted. O The term "ultraviolet catastrophe" describes an attempt at an expanding hole in the ozone layer in the stratosphere of the atmosphere; the theory predicted catastrophic amounts of UV rays being transmitted through the hole. 0 The term I1ultraviolet catastrophe" describes an attempt at theoretical description of solar radiation; while the theory correctly accounted for visible and infrared radiation components of the solar radiation, it did not predict correct amount of ultraviolet radiation. Heisenberg uncertainty principle represents one of the fundamental relationships [you might even call it a I'lavv", except it's not usually called that} in quantum mechanics. Choose all statements below which correctly describes the Heisenberg uncertainty principle or one of its consequences. Hint DThe uncertainty principle says that you can precisely measure the position of a particle only by imparting a large uncertain momentum to it. DThe uncertainty principle says that the more significant figures you measure for the velocity of a particle, the less certain you can be of the particle's kinetic energy. DThe Heisenberg uncertainty principle puts a theoretical limit on hov.r precisely masses of subatomic particles can be measured. DThe Heisenberg uncertainty principle puts a limit on hov'.r precisely momentum of a localized particle can be measured. DThe Heisenberg uncertainty principle is an inevitable consequence of wave-particle duality of nature. Rutherford's experiment established the existence of atomic nucleus, a very small part of the atom that contains all its positive charges and nearlyr all its mass. IChoose the correct description of the Rutherford experiment below. Hint D in his experiment, Ernest Rutherford aimed beta rays from nuclear decays at a. thin silver foil, and the large deflections of beta rays revealed that the atomic nucleus is positively charged. 0 in his experiment, Ernest Rutherford measured the charge of atomic nuclei by suspending oil droplets in a region of uniform electric field. 0 in his experiment, Ernest Rutherford aimed alpha rays from nuclear decays at a thin gold foil, and the occasional large deflections of alpha rays revealed that the gold atom contains a very dense region. 0 in his experiment, Ernest Rutherford fired 15-inch shells at a piece of tissue paper, and when it came back and hit him, he realized that the atoms contain nuclei