NUTS & BOLTS

Nuts & Bolts Inc. is a manufacturer of industrial fasteners, mostly nuts and bolts. It has a total of 500 employees, the majority of whom work in its manufacturing plant and the rest of whom perform standard business functions such as accounting, sales and marketing, human resources etc. The company's operations are all located in the United States, and the majority of its sales are domestic with a limited number of international customers. For the last two years, competition has been increasing in the industry, and profit margins for the company have been shrinking. The company is still profitable, but top management is concerned with the trends and sees a real possibility of a net loss next year. Because of this, the CEO and the President are discussing the need for layoffs.

Company turnover is low, and most employees stay with the company for five or more years. The company has a history of treating its employees well, and there is no labor union representation. The company is considering expanding its international business, but fears that it does not have either the time or the money to do this before financial results turn from profit to loss. After some discussion, the CEO and the President agree that a labor force reduction of about ten percent would be sufficient to keep the company profitable for the foreseeable future. The company has no history of layoffs, so they are exploring uncharted territory for them.

They feel that the layoffs must be done quickly to have the desired effect, so reducing staff by attrition will take too long, and they have rejected this option. After reviewing what other companies in similar situations have done, they have reduced their action plan to two options.

Option 1 is to carry out all the layoffs on the first working day of the next month. Fifty employees will be told that their employment is being terminated on that day. Each terminated employee will receive two weeks' severance pay, and have their health insurance continued for one month. Layoffs will be effective immediately: for these employees the day that they are told will be their last day at work. The layoffs will be proportional by work division: that is, the number of layoffs in each division will be ten percent of the number of employees in that division. Division heads will be informed of the plan one week before the layoffs take place. Each division head will determine which specific employees will be laid off.

Option 2 is the same as option 1 with the following exceptions. In order to avoid any possible legal entanglements based on discrimination, employees to be laid off will be selected alphabetically by last name. All those whose last name begins with "A" will be laid off, then "B" and so on until the required number of employees has been reached. This approach will assure randomness and prevent even accidental bias. In addition to two weeks' severance pay and one month's health insurance, an employment service will be retained and each employee terminated will receive up to three hours' free counseling and help from this service.

A. Answer the following questions relating to ethical issues

1.Is it ethical for the company's management to lay off ten percent of the employees while the company is still profitable, regardless of which method is used to identify those who will lose their jobs?

2.Assuming that it has been established that layoffs are needed and that the good to be accomplished justifies removing some satisfactory employees from their jobs, is the manner of proceeding outlined in Option 1 ethical? Why or why not?

3.Assuming that it has been established that layoffs are needed, that the good to be accomplished justifies removing some satisfactory employees, is the manner of proceeding in Option 2 ethical? Why or why not?