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Confounding is often referred to as a "mixing of effects"^1,2wherein the effects of the exposure under study on a given outcome are mixed in with the effects of an additional factor (or set of factors) resulting in a distortion of the true relationship. In a clinical trial, this can happen when the distribution of a known prognostic factor differs between groups being compared.

Confounding factors may mask an actual association or, more commonly, falsely demonstrate an apparent association between the treatment and outcome when no real association between them exists. The existence of confounding variables in studies make it difficult to establish a clear causal link between treatment and outcome unless appropriate methods are used to adjust for the effect of the confounders (more on this below). Confounding variables are those that may compete with the exposure of interest (eg, treatment) in explaining the outcome of a study. The amount of association "above and beyond" that which can be explained by confounding factors provides a more appropriate estimate of the true association which is due to the exposure.

1. Support the ARM Cortex M0+ from the Arduino Zero

2. Explain on the inbuilt XBee Socketfrom the Arduino Board

3. Interconnect the RS232 to TTL Serial Adapter in the inbuilt USB connector on the board.

4.Which Arduino Board comes with a Linux Distribution? Explain

5. For projects where a small microcontroller is required, which boards should we use? Give more details

6. Relate the functioning of the Board contains on theonboard joystick?

7. Which Arduino Product is not just a board but also comes preinstalled with wheels and a motor board.

8. Elaborate on the Arduino LilyPad and generate the e-textile projects for the Atmegas

9. Justify the Microcontroller to the Atmega2560 of the RI

10. Calculate or propose 32 number General-Purpose Registers