On 12/20/20x1, Sigma Company, a U.S.-based entity, acquired all of the outstanding common stock of Pooma Industries, which is located in Switzerland.

The cost of acquiring Pooma was 8.2 million Swiss francs. On the acquisition date, the U.S. dollar/Swiss franc exchange rate was $0.70 = SF1.

The assets and liabilities acquired at 12/20/20x1 were:

Pooma Industries Balance Sheet @12/20/20x1
Assets	Swiss franc	Liabilities and Equity	Swiss franc
Cash	1,000,000	Notes Payable	1,800,000
Inventory	2,000,000	Shareholders' Equity	8,200,000
Property, plant and equipment	7,000,000
Total Assets	10,000,000	Total Liabilities and Shareholders Equity	10,000,000

At 12/31/20x1, Sigma Company prepares its year-end financial statements. By 12/31/20x1, the U.S. dollar/Swiss franc exchange rate was $0.75 = SF1.

For purposes of this problem, assume that after the 12/20/20x1, Pooma Industries had no additional transactions that changed their financial position.

Required

1. Determine the resulting adjustment to be reported in consolidation, assuming the Swiss Franc is Pooma Industries functional currency. Please show your work. Additionally, explain how the company would account for/report the adjustment in their financial statements.
2. Determine the resulting adjustment to be reported in consolidation, assuming the U.S. dollar is Pooma Industries functional currency. Please show your work. Additionally, explain how the company would account for/report the adjustment in their financial statements.
3. Briefly, i.e. no more than 3 sentences, explain what is meant by the term functional currency.
4. Briefly, discuss the similarities and differences between the U.S. and the international accounting standards criteria for identifying a foreign subsidiarys functional currency.