On December 31, 2016, Vaughn Company issues 130,000 stock-appreciation rights to its officers entitling them to receive cash for the difference between the market price of its stock and a pre-established price of $10. The fair value of the SARS is estimated to be $5 per SAR on December 31, 2017; $2 on December 31, 2018; $10 on December 31, 2019; and $9 on December 31, 2020. The service period is 4 years, and the exercise period is 7 years