On January 1, 2016, Paul, Inc. acquired a 90% interest in Stephan Company. The $45,000 excess of purchase price (parents share only) was attributable to goodwill. On January 1, 2018, Stephan Company had the following stockholders' equity: Common stock, $10 par $100,000 Other paid-in capital 200,000 Retained earnings 300,000 On January 2, 2018, Stephan sold 2,000 additional shares in a private offering. Stephan issued the new shares for $70 per share; Paul, Inc. purchased 600 of the shares. As a result of this sale, there is a(n) a. increase in the controlling interest Retained Earnings of $5,000 b. decrease in the controlling interest paid-in excess of $5,000. c. gain on the consolidated income statement of $5,000. d. increase in the controlling interest paid-in capital in excess of par of $5,000