On September 19, 2017, a fist fight occurred between Jules Jobidon and Rodney Haggart in a parking lot outside a bar near Sudbury, Ontario. The two men initiated their aggression inside the bar of a hotel. Haggart was celebrating his impending marriage with a few friends. He approached Jobidon, who was in the bar with his brother. They started to argue over some trivial thing. Haggart was larger and had previous training as a boxer. In this first encounter, after Haggart pushed Jobidon, the owner of the hotel separated the combatants and told Jobidon and his brother to leave the hotel. Jobidon and Haggart exchanged angry words in the lobby, and the two men agreed the fight was not over.

Jobidon and his brother waited outside in the parking lot. When the Haggart party exited the hotel, a crowd of people came along to see the fight. Haggart and Jobidon stood facing each other. Jobidon struck Haggart with his fist, hitting him with great force on the head and face. Haggart was knocked backward onto the hood of a car. At that point, Haggart's fiance arrived and broke up the fight. In 2019, the police learned of these events and sent the file to the Crown attorney

At trial, what does the Crown attorney have to prove in order to convict Jobidon?

a) The act element of applying force in the absence of consent, the mental

element of doing so intentionally and with knowledge of lack of consent,

beyond a reasonable doubt.

b) The act element of applying force where consent is invalid because it was

secured by force, beyond a reasonable doubt.

c) The act element of applying force in the absence of consent, the mental

element of doing so intentionally and with knowledge of lack of consent, and

the causation of bodily harm, beyond a reasonable doubt.

d) The act element of applying force in the absence of consent, and the mental

element of doing so intentionally and with knowledge of lack of consent, on a

balance of probabilities.