On the morning of October 31st, Elaine Black, Chief Information Officer at Robatelli's Pizzeria, was waiting for both Jim Saxton, database administrator, and Peter Greyton, operations manager, to come to her office for a meeting. While waiting, Elaine was thinking about the surge of telephone and Internet orders expected to be received through the company's customer order center within the next 12 hours. Halloween had always been the most popular day of the year for people in the greater Pittsburgh area to order pizza from Robatelli's. There were 53 restaurant locations to serve these customers, but only one location to receive all of the orders and forward them to the right restaurant. Elaine's thoughts were interrupted as Jim and Peter entered her office. The following conversation took place:

ELAINE: Well, guys, it's here again, our biggest day of the year. Not only is Halloween a busy day, but we have the upcoming day after Thanksgiving, the week before Christmas, and Super Bowl Sunday. Can our current computer system's infrastructure and people keep pace with the orders we expect?

JIM: I think our systems are all running at peak performance. We shouldn't have any computer concerns for today or those other busy days.

PETER: Everyone in the customer order center is focused on making sure that our customers get their pizzas as ordered. We have plenty of people scheduled to work tonight, so we're good to go.

ELAINE: Terrific. But every time we face one of these peak sales days, I start wondering about the long-term capacity and effectiveness of our computer systems. Jim, we need to think long term about our computer system. I was just reading an article that I'd like you to take a look at. It's about Anheuser-Busch Companies and their use of data mining.

JIM: I agree with you, Elaine; we should always be thinking about how newer IT systems can help us. Could you e-mail the link to the article?

ELAINE: Sure, and I would like you to think about how we might use the same approach in our business. Pete, your order center people are doing a great job, but again there's something I'd like us to think about in the long run. As you know, we now have to manually enter all customer order center sales and store sales into our general ledger (GL). I think we could improve a lot of things if those sales fed automatically into our GL software. Why don't you think about any advantages you see for an automatic interface, and we'll look at the costs compared to those advantages. How's that sound?

PETER: I'll do that. I'll give it some thought and work on a report about an automatic interface between our GL software and the point of sale systems in our restaurants as well as the phone and Internet sales. How soon do you want to meet again to look at these issues?

ELAINE: Let's say, in two weeks at the same time.

Continuing Case: Robatelli's Pizzeria 33

As Jim and Peter left her office, Elaine continued to think about the features of the company's accounting information systems and whether or not data extracted from these systems could facilitate the multiple needs of the company. The focus had always been on providing accurate financial accounting information from the various locations; however, the company's aggressive growth strategies meant increased emphasis on the system's ability to analyze detailed customer information that could be translated into increased sales opportunities.

ability to maintain its competitive advantage. She realized that her department must continually improve the company's information systems to help it achieve growth strategies. Operating state-of-the-art systems was imperative to position the company to execute those growth plans. However, she was concerned about the possibility that restrictions of the current information systems could actually prevent the company from doing what it wanted to do. Allowing restrictive systems to prevent them from achieving business strategies was a risk that Elaine would not tolerate!

BACKGROUND

Robatelli's Pizzeria is a great American success story. Started by Dino Robatelli in the 1960s, the business impetus was a family pizza recipe. Introduced to the public at a church festival in Pittsburgh's Little Italy, Robatelli's pizzas are now a recognized tradition in the Greater Pittsburgh area. A full menu and local expansion have led to its growing popularity over the years and have helped it achieve nearly 50 percent of the area market share. Annual sales now exceed $100 million. Following is a timeline of milestones in the company's history:

1962Dino and Gloria Robatelli contributed $500 and the family pizza recipe to a partnership that opened the first Robatelli's Pizzeria.

1965The Robatellis bought out their business partners.

1967The first Robatelli's franchise opened.

1971-77 Dozens of new Robatelli's franchises opened throughout the surrounding region.

1983Home delivery service began. 1992A central, one-number calling system for all restaurants was launched. 2003Internet ordering began. The first "prototype pizzeria" opened. TodayA total of 53 locations are in operation.

The company has been known for its ability to get ahead of national trends. For instance, in the early 1980s, Robatelli's began offering delivery service; however, while the competitors were merely delivering pizzas, Robatelli's delivered many additional items from its extensive menu. The company was also on the cutting edge when it launched its one-number telephone ordering system whereby a single telephone number was used to service sales orders for the entire region. Additional conveniences became available about ten years later when Robatelli's introduced online ordering. Recently, it has expanded its menu offerings and opened prototype restaurants specially designed with new features (such as a full- service bar and a retail counter) that appeal to various customer groups. Each of these advancements has propelled Robatelli's growth over the past four decades.

Dino Robatelli's name is also well known for its tradition of supporting neighborhood organizations. Robatelli's promotes schools, amateur athletics, and other community groups. Interestingly, some local student athletes were a tremendous help to Robatelli's in 1971 when the business was in trouble. A fire had destroyed much of the building containing Robatelli's original pizzeria and commissary. The commissary made menu ingredients for all of the Robatelli's pizzerias, so the entire business was in jeopardy when this facility became inop- erable. Area students and coaches helped with the clean-up and rebuilding efforts that made it possible for the facility to be reopened in a fraction of the anticipated time. Dino Robatelli thanked them by establishing a hall of fame that has become a fixture of Greater Pittsburgh high school athletics.

Robatelli's reputation for great Italian food and innovations in both customer service and community service have contributed to the company's ability to grow into the most popular pizzeria in the Greater Pittsburgh region. Robatelli's sales include an average of 110,000 pizzas per week. It has managed to stay ahead of the national competitors, which is an unusual feat. In fact, many people in and around Pittsburgh believe that pizza can only be Robatelli's!

MULTIPLE SYSTEMS, MULTIPLE FUNCTIONS, MULTIPLE USES OF INFORMATION

There are three ways to place an order at Robatelli's: in-store, via telephone, or online. The order processing systems are illustrated in Figure 1. Here's how they work:

In-store orders

In-store orders are taken by restaurant staff serving patrons dining in one of Robatelli's restaurants or walking in to place an order. Servers manually complete order tickets at the tableside and input the information into the company's point of sales system through computer terminals located in the food preparation stations. Walk-in orders are typically entered directly into the system by staff using the computer terminal located at the counter.

Telephone orders

Approximately two-thirds of the company's business is processed via the telephone. Robatelli's phone ordering system is called a one-number system, referring to the convenience of ordering through a single phone number, regardless of the restaurant location nearest the customer.

Most phone orders are received by an operator, who enters the order directly into a computer terminal while speaking with the customer. Customer phone numbers are used to present the customer with a choice of the nearest pizzeria for preparation and carry-out or delivery. The software in the system references a street database to verify that the street address exists. Credit card numbers are obtained from customers paying by credit card. The customer service representative verifies the order and credit card number before ending the call.

Upon confirmation of an order, the order is sent directly to the restaurant, where it is processed through the company's transaction processing system and printed at the appropriate food preparation station(s). Credit card numbers are included in the transmission, and all credit card transactions are processed at the restaurants at the time the order is received.

There are several advantages of handling phone orders through a customer order center rather than at individual restaurant locations. Above all, the reduction in background noise improves the accuracy of the order-taking process. In addition, the customer's wait time is greatly reduced. Before Robatelli's implemented its one-number system, customers' wait time at peak could be up to 15 minutes. The order center's average wait time goal is now one minute or less.

Internet orders

To place an online order, a customer must be registered. Registration is a simple process that can occur anytime during business hours. Customers are asked to provide identifying information that will be retained in the system. Repeat customers will not have to go through the registration process again.

Web-based ordering is tied to the company's one-number system. When a customer enters an order online, customer information is pulled from the one- number system. Identifying data such as phone number and address do not have to be entered. Menu offerings are presented on the screen in various drop-down boxes so that any combination of items can be ordered with many different choices of toppings or accompaniments. A customer must answer a series of questions regarding the order, similar to the questions that would be asked if the customer had been speaking with a telephone operator.

Online orders also require confirmation of the menu items and restaurant location before the call is ended. Credit card information may be entered online, and the transaction will be processed at the restaurant filling the order (as is done for telephone orders). Two firewalls protect the security of customer information submitted online.

Customer Service

Up to 135 customer service representatives may be on hand at the customer order center to process orders coming in to the business at peak times. In addition, Robatelli's employs approximately ten home-based agents to handle incoming orders. Home-based agents may perform any of the customer service functions from a computer terminal located within their homes.

All operators are required to undergo a one-week training program before they begin serving customers. After the training program, operators are subject to one week of supervised on-the-job training, followed by ongoing performance evaluations. Supervisors at the customer order center perform order scanning, whereby orders are randomly reviewed for reasonableness. Order scanning is performed more frequently for orders taken by new operators. Supervisors also follow up on errors and customer complaints, and may listen in on calls to review the operator's performance.

If customers are in need of customer service, they may call or e-mail the company. Supervisors handle these types of calls and messages, and will respond either via telephone or reply e-mail. Restaurant managers can also print customer complaints at their respective locations.

Accounting functions

Robatelli's ordering systems and transaction processing systems are the source of all sales information sent to the accounting department. Restaurant managers prepare daily sales summaries and submit them to the company's administrative offices on the following day. These summaries are transmitted electronically via the intranet and are received in the accounting department. Accounting staff prepare general ledger entries based upon these sales summaries and key the information into the company's accounting software. The transaction processing system provides sales by restaurant for call-in and Internet orders, which are reconciled to the restaurant summaries on a daily basis. Once the accounting system is updated and the daily reconciliations are performed, the data are stored in an on-site server.

Although a lot of accounting information comes from many different locations, the capacity of the system is nearly 25 times its current load.

Information Technology

The information technology staff at Robatelli's is continuously engaged in system maintenance activities. Because the business changes so frequently, systems maintenance is an ongoing process. Every time a new coupon is offered, a price is changed, or a new menu item becomes available, the related information must be integrated into the transaction processing system.

Each menu addition has its own level of complexity, and many of the items include options to customize to individual tastes in a plethora of combinations. This poses a challenge in ordering; however, the menu presentation continues to be improved to eliminate chances of an incomplete or incorrect order. The options are available online and to customer service representatives via drop- down boxes on their computer screens. Most screens require an entry, even if it is "none," in order to ensure that no part of the order is forgotten.

Performan enterprise-wide risk assessment for Robatelli's Pizzeria.

Writea proposal that shows your plan for the risk assessment project.

Identifyrisk areas and the criteria to be used to determine likelihood, magnitude, velocity, and persistence.

Linkrisk categories to financial statement assertions.

Includefraud risks and the incentives, opportunities, and rationalization related to fraud.