One of the first recorded uses of statistics was in the $9$th century by an Arab Muslim philosopher,

Al$-$Kindi. He was studying cryptanalysis, or codebreaking, and realized that the most frequently

occurring letters in a cypher should correspond to the most frequently occurring letters in the

alphabe.

Determine and explain what the most frequently occurring letters are in the English alphabet and what their frequencies are. Explain how you would break this code.

qnswtljruljynse! vnr ftnoc jmc qndc$.$