One of the goals of integration testing is to be able to isolate faults when a test case causes a failure. Consider integration testing for a program written in a procedural programming language. Rate the relative fault isolation capabilities of the following integration strategies:

A = Decomposition based top–down integratio

B = Decomposition based bottom–up integratio

C = Decomposition based sandwich integratio

D = Decomposition based “big bang” integratio

E = Call graph–based pairwise integratio

F = Call graph–based neighborhood integration (radius = 2) 

G = Call graph–based neighborhood integration (radius = 1) 

Show your ratings graphically by placing the letters corresponding to a strategy on the continuum below. As an example, suppose Strategies X and Y are about equal and not very effective, and Strategy Z is very effective. 

Y 

X                                                                    Z 

Low                                                            High