Operating Budget, Comprehensive Analysis Ponderosa, Inc., produces wiring harness assemblies used in the production of semi-trailer trucks. The wiring harness assemblies are sold to various truck manufacturers around the world. Projected sales in units for the coming five months are given below. January 10,000 February 10,500 March 13,000 April 16,000 May 18,500 The following data pertain to production policies and manufacturing specifications followed by Ponderosa: Finished goods inventory on January 1 is 900 units. The desired ending inventory for each month is 20 percent of the next month's sales. The data on materials used are as follows:

Direct Material	Per-Unit Usage	Unit Cost
Part #K298	2	$4
Part #C30	3	7

Inventory policy dictates that sufficient materials be on hand at the beginning of the month to satisfy 30 percent of the next month's production needs. This is exactly the amount of material on hand on January 1.

1. The direct labor used per unit of output is one and one-half hours. The average direct labor cost per hour is $20.
2. Overhead each month is estimated using a flexible budget formula. (Activity is measured in direct labor hours.)

	Fixed Cost Component	Variable Cost Component
Supplies	$	$1.00
Power		0.20
Maintenance	12,500	1.10
Supervision	14,000
Depreciation	45,000
Taxes	4,300
Other	86,000	1.60

1. Monthly selling and administrative expenses are also estimated using a flexible budgeting formula. (Activity is measured in units sold.)

	Fixed Costs	Variable Costs
Salaries	$ 88,500
Commissions		$1.40
Depreciation	25,000
Shipping		3.60
Other	137,000	1.60

1. The unit selling price of the wiring harness assembly is $110.
2. In February, the company plans to purchase land for future expansion. The land costs $68,000.
3. All sales and purchases are for cash. The cash balance on January 1 equals $62,900. The firm wants to have an ending cash balance of at least $25,000. If a cash shortage develops, sufficient cash is borrowed to cover the shortage and provide the desired ending balance. Any cash borrowed must be borrowed in $1,000 increments and is repaid the following month, as is the interest due. The interest rate is 12 percent per annum.

Required:

Prepare a monthly operating budget for the first quarter with the following schedules:

6. Selling and administrative expense budget. Round your answers to the nearest cent, if required.

	January	February	March	Total
Planned sales
Variable selling & administrative expense per unit
Total variable expense
Fixed selling & administrative expense:
Salaries
Depreciation
Other
Total fixed expenses
Total selling & administrative expenses

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To prepare the selling and administrative expense budget multiply planned sales by the variable selling and administrative expense per unit. Add fixed selling and administrative expenses.

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7. Ending finished goods inventory budget. Round intermediate calculations to the nearest cent. Round your answers to the nearest cent, if required.

Unit cost computation:
Direct materials:
Part K298
Part C30
Direct labor
Overhead:
Variable
Fixed
Total unit cost
Number of units
Finished goods

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To prepare the finished goods inventory budget include the unit costs for direct materials, direct labor, and overhead. Multiply by the number of units.

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8. Cost of goods sold budget

Direct materials used
Part K298
Part C30
Direct labor used
Overhead
Budgeted manufacturing costs
Add: Beginning finished goods
Goods available for sale
Less: Ending finished goods
Budgeted cost of goods sold

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To prepare the cost of goods sold budget include the cost of direct materials used, direct labor used, and budgeted manufacturing costs. Also include beginning finished goods and ending finished goods inventory.

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9. Budgeted income statement (ignore income taxes)

Sales
Less: Cost of goods sold
Gross margin
Less: Selling and administrative expense
Income before income taxes

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To prepare the budgeted income statement subtract cost of goods sold from sales to calculate gross margin. Then subtract selling and administrative expense.

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10. Cash budget Enter a negative balance as a negative amount, and if an amount is zero enter "0".

	January	February	March	Total
Beginning balance
Cash receipts
Total cash available
Disbursements:
Purchases
DL payroll
Overhead
Marketing & admin
Land
Total disbursements
Ending balance
Financing:
Borrowed/repaid
Interest paid
Ending cash balance